Gut microbiota and neurodevelopement analysis
Part 1: Data description
Outcomes
| Variable labels | Min | Q1 | Median | Mean | Q3 | Max | N | W_statistic_shapiro | p_value_shapiro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child interne score at 2 years (CBCL) | 0 | 3 | 6 | 6.9 | 9 | 29 | 417 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child externe score at 2 years (CBCL) | 1 | 9 | 12 | 13.2 | 17 | 37 | 416 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Child social awareness score at 3 years (SRS) | 0 | 4 | 5 | 5.6 | 7 | 15 | 407 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Child social cognition score at 3 years (SRS) | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5.2 | 7 | 15 | 407 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Child social communication score at 3 years (SRS) | 0 | 5 | 8 | 8.6 | 11 | 39 | 407 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child social motivation score at 3 years (SRS) | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5.9 | 8 | 21 | 407 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child restricted interests and repetitive behavior score at 3 years (SRS) | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3.6 | 5 | 18 | 407 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child SRS total score at 3 years (SRS) | 4 | 20 | 26 | 28.9 | 36 | 100 | 407 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child inhibition score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | 16 | 20 | 24 | 23.9 | 27 | 45 | 405 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Child shift score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | 10 | 11 | 13 | 13.3 | 15 | 28 | 414 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child emotional control score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14.8 | 17 | 29 | 414 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child working memory score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | 17 | 18 | 21 | 21.6 | 24 | 43 | 406 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child plan/organization score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14.1 | 16 | 25 | 411 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Verbal comprehension score at 3 years (IQ test) | 81 | 104 | 113 | 113.0 | 120 | 144 | 381 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Visuospatiale score at 3 years (IQ test) | 82 | 100 | 106 | 107.6 | 115 | 135 | 382 | 1 | 1.537864e-03 |
| Work memory score at 3 years (IQ test) | 75 | 100 | 106 | 106.3 | 112 | 146 | 380 | 1 | 1.486267e-02 |
| Total IQ score at 3 years | 83 | 103 | 110 | 111.4 | 118 | 145 | 381 | 1 | 9.672147e-03 |
CBCL Y2
Interne score Y2
| ident | ch_cbclintscore_y2 |
|---|---|
| 27630 | 19 |
| 28199 | 19 |
| 15218 | 20 |
| 17764 | 20 |
| 25913 | 20 |
| 22672 | 21 |
| 23696 | 21 |
| 24222 | 22 |
| 16786 | 24 |
| 27316 | 25 |
| 15713 | 26 |
| 15804 | 29 |
Externe score Y2
| ident | ch_cbclextscore_y2 |
|---|---|
| 19494 | 30 |
| 14567 | 32 |
| 16786 | 34 |
| 15218 | 35 |
| 16088 | 37 |
SRS Y3
Restricted interests and repetitive behavior score Y3
| ident | ch_RRB_y3 |
|---|---|
| 14856 | 12 |
| 16088 | 12 |
| 17764 | 12 |
| 26952 | 12 |
| 22167 | 13 |
| 15821 | 14 |
| 25409 | 15 |
| 15218 | 18 |
SRS total score at 3 years
| ident | ch_SRStotal_y3 |
|---|---|
| 19677 | 62 |
| 23696 | 62 |
| 24226 | 65 |
| 16093 | 70 |
| 26952 | 80 |
| 15218 | 100 |
BRIEF-P Y3
Inhibition score Y3
| ident | ch_briefpinhibit_y3 |
|---|---|
| 19418 | 38 |
| 19426 | 39 |
| 24226 | 39 |
| 15821 | 40 |
| 18868 | 40 |
| 16021 | 43 |
| 15218 | 44 |
| 16088 | 45 |
Shift score Y3
| ident | ch_briefpshift_y3 |
|---|---|
| 27316 | 22 |
| 15741 | 23 |
| 15804 | 26 |
| 14276 | 28 |
Emotional control score Y3
| ident | ch_briefpemocontrol_y3 |
|---|---|
| 15741 | 25 |
| 22992 | 25 |
| 24222 | 25 |
| 16088 | 27 |
| 16021 | 28 |
| 19426 | 28 |
| 25409 | 28 |
| 15218 | 29 |
Working memory score Y3
| ident | ch_briefpworkmemo_y3 |
|---|---|
| 27309 | 34 |
| 19418 | 37 |
| 24226 | 41 |
| 16088 | 43 |
Plan/organization score Y3
| ident | ch_briefpplan_y3 |
|---|---|
| 16088 | 25 |
IQ Y3
Verbal comprehension score Y3
Verbal comprehension score Y3 variable doesn’t have any outliers.
Visuospatiale score Y3
Visuospatiale score at 3 years (IQ test) doesn’t have any outliers.
Work memory score Y3
| ident | ch_work_memory_IQ_Y3 |
|---|---|
| 28226 | 75 |
| 25269 | 78 |
| 25784 | 78 |
| 24374 | 79 |
| 14856 | 80 |
| 17496 | 134 |
| 22857 | 134 |
| 27891 | 134 |
| 23769 | 146 |
Total IQ score Y3
| ident | ch_total_IQ_Y3 |
|---|---|
| 26097 | 145 |
| 28047 | 145 |
Predictors
| Variable labels | Min | Q1 | Median | Mean | Q3 | Max | N | W_statistic_shapiro | p_value_shapiro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific richness diversity in 1Y child gut microbiota ASV based (seq. depth = 5 000) | 18 | 64 | 81 | 83.2 | 99 | 184 | 350 | 1 | 1.429062e-03 |
| Shannon diversity in 1Y child gut microbiota ASV based (seq. depth = 5 000) | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2.6 | 3 | 4 | 350 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Faith diversity in 1Y child gut microbiota ASV based (seq. depth = 5 000) | 86 | 266 | 311 | 314.5 | 362 | 560 | 350 | 1 | 6.345057e-01 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes | 1 | 22 | 36 | 38.1 | 51 | 91 | 356 | 1 | <0.001 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of phylum Actinobacteria | 0 | 11 | 26 | 30.0 | 48 | 98 | 356 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes | 0 | 3 | 10 | 17.4 | 28 | 80 | 356 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8.3 | 7 | 93 | 356 | 0.6 | <0.001 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of genus Bifidobacterium | 0 | 10 | 25 | 29.0 | 46 | 98 | 356 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of genus Bacteroides | 0 | 2 | 9 | 15.6 | 26 | 78 | 356 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of genus Blautia | 0 | 1 | 4 | 8.2 | 11 | 68 | 356 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of genus Escherichia_Shigella | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6.6 | 5 | 93 | 356 | 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Variable labels | Min | Q1 | Median | Mean | Q3 | Max | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One year child feces relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3.5 | 4 | 5 | 356 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of phylum Actinobacteria | -4 | 2 | 3 | 2.9 | 4 | 5 | 356 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes | -Inf | 1 | 2 | -Inf | 3 | 4 | 356 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria | -Inf | -1 | 0 | -Inf | 2 | 5 | 356 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of genus Bifidobacterium | -4 | 2 | 3 | 2.8 | 4 | 5 | 356 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of genus Bacteroides | -Inf | 1 | 2 | -Inf | 3 | 4 | 356 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of genus Blautia | -Inf | 0 | 1 | -Inf | 2 | 4 | 356 |
| One year child feces relative abundance of genus Escherichia_Shigella | -Inf | -2 | 0 | -Inf | 2 | 5 | 356 |
| ident | ch_feces_rel_p3_Y1_ln | ch_feces_rel_p4_Y1_ln | ch_feces_rel_g2_Y1_ln | ch_feces_rel_g3_Y1_ln | ch_feces_rel_g4_Y1_ln |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14173 | 4.0013507 | 3.76118491 | 4.0013507 | -Inf | 3.7330816 |
| 14979 | 3.2473059 | -1.70675905 | -3.4295257 | -Inf | -1.9944411 |
| 16115 | -1.8336282 | -1.79791010 | -2.0342989 | -Inf | -1.7979101 |
| 16199 | 3.9841257 | 2.41167366 | 3.9841257 | -Inf | 2.4087316 |
| 16815 | -2.4944719 | 1.59987269 | -Inf | 2.94621274 | 1.5998727 |
| 17095 | 2.0352511 | -0.03902244 | 1.5745307 | 3.10049773 | -Inf |
| 17537 | -0.3474013 | -2.62466859 | -0.6787584 | -Inf | -2.6246686 |
| 17700 | -3.0402275 | 3.69019375 | -3.0402275 | -Inf | 3.6848061 |
| 17741 | 1.8447974 | 0.36339523 | 1.8441227 | -Inf | -0.6125006 |
| 18673 | -3.8495800 | -2.30913502 | -3.8495800 | -2.55029708 | -Inf |
| 20640 | 2.3160464 | 0.72944149 | 2.2843500 | 3.55481991 | -Inf |
| 21511 | 3.6167621 | 3.85946829 | 3.6167621 | -Inf | 3.8518964 |
| 21967 | 2.9506783 | 0.16107821 | 2.7535488 | 1.85055883 | -Inf |
| 22059 | 0.8230470 | 4.02241500 | -Inf | 0.79290287 | 0.7553010 |
| 22368 | 4.1303734 | 1.78002318 | 3.8239975 | -Inf | 1.0516510 |
| 22809 | -Inf | 2.11185197 | -Inf | 0.06626866 | 2.0967944 |
| 23076 | 4.0280313 | 3.05793567 | 4.0280313 | -Inf | 3.0174951 |
| 23271 | -Inf | 3.63094162 | -Inf | 0.97573630 | 3.6275579 |
| 23327 | -1.6907665 | -Inf | -1.6907665 | 1.52446633 | -Inf |
| 23769 | -Inf | 3.97694943 | -Inf | -Inf | 2.8884448 |
| 23933 | 1.3343488 | 1.29793974 | 1.3343488 | -Inf | 0.7797483 |
| 25166 | -0.9454993 | -0.67434655 | -1.4187870 | 3.17872231 | -Inf |
| 25344 | 3.5488133 | 1.90877329 | 3.5488133 | -Inf | 1.9080366 |
| 25913 | 2.2533679 | 1.59834855 | 2.1940970 | 2.17730336 | -Inf |
| 26457 | -0.5737519 | -0.77346516 | -0.5911436 | 3.40043617 | -Inf |
| 27344 | 3.7990176 | -0.97953604 | 3.7961633 | 0.75406751 | -Inf |
| 27490 | 0.2535176 | 3.76993665 | 0.2535176 | -Inf | 3.7233742 |
Alpha diversity
Specific richness
| ident | ch_feces_SpecRich_5000_ASV_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 27075 | 154 |
| 24255 | 158 |
| 23901 | 184 |
Shannon diversity
| ident | ch_feces_Shannon_5000_ASV_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 23330 | 0.3792690 |
| 28130 | 0.9867788 |
| 16115 | 1.0087967 |
| 24587 | 1.0558328 |
| 18553 | 1.0624003 |
| 22720 | 1.1855234 |
| 14173 | 1.2115941 |
Faith’s phylogenetic diversity
| ident | ch_feces_Faith_5000_ASV_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 23769 | 85.94050 |
| 23330 | 93.96517 |
| 22720 | 106.85055 |
| 18440 | 505.49615 |
| 24255 | 521.84691 |
| 23901 | 559.55928 |
Taxonomy
Phylum Firmicutes relative abundance Y1
Phylum Firmicutes variable at one year doesn’t have any outliers.
Phylum Actinobacteria Y1
Phylum Actinobacteria variable at one year doesn’t have any outliers.
Phylum Bacteroidetes Y1
| ident | ch_feces_rel_p3_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 22198 | 70.99179 |
| 16606 | 76.94366 |
| 16650 | 78.31132 |
| 24006 | 78.76686 |
| 14856 | 80.30181 |
| ident | ch_feces_rel_p3_Y1_ln |
|---|---|
| 22809 | -Inf |
| 23271 | -Inf |
| 23769 | -Inf |
| 16294 | -4.843215 |
| 23663 | -4.822537 |
| 19261 | -4.776515 |
| 26766 | -4.058314 |
| 28130 | -3.990227 |
| 24359 | -3.986871 |
| 25943 | -3.902646 |
| 24226 | -3.878053 |
| 18673 | -3.849580 |
| 25673 | -3.757706 |
| 15645 | -3.562371 |
| 21955 | -3.457762 |
| 22094 | -3.436857 |
| 16782 | -3.434826 |
| 18002 | -3.417399 |
| 22857 | -3.289927 |
| 16546 | -3.252476 |
| 26760 | -3.223505 |
| 17673 | -3.041327 |
| 17700 | -3.040228 |
| 22812 | -2.922557 |
| 15422 | -2.893700 |
| 22126 | -2.655846 |
| 23848 | -2.624384 |
Phylum Proteobacteria Y1
| ident | ch_feces_rel_p4_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 22992 | 17.43845 |
| 16403 | 17.50454 |
| 20151 | 18.00766 |
| 16766 | 18.42998 |
| 15066 | 18.55562 |
| 21048 | 19.64709 |
| 20194 | 19.73358 |
| 22167 | 20.55545 |
| 23603 | 21.24552 |
| 23076 | 21.28358 |
| 26806 | 22.15355 |
| 25433 | 22.87679 |
| 16958 | 24.66083 |
| 27658 | 24.67874 |
| 15567 | 24.82301 |
| 27706 | 24.94526 |
| 15741 | 25.67847 |
| 21785 | 25.85059 |
| 25784 | 26.10054 |
| 27747 | 27.90090 |
| 18501 | 28.26770 |
| 15422 | 28.44487 |
| 26882 | 29.20354 |
| 19261 | 30.38588 |
| 23816 | 30.99024 |
| 17664 | 35.91379 |
| 25668 | 36.53393 |
| 22640 | 37.17140 |
| 23271 | 37.74834 |
| 21839 | 37.90993 |
| 16435 | 39.13336 |
| 17700 | 40.05261 |
| 14173 | 42.99935 |
| 27490 | 43.37732 |
| 22364 | 44.71383 |
| 23275 | 45.57840 |
| 21511 | 47.44012 |
| 25943 | 52.63795 |
| 23769 | 53.35403 |
| 27305 | 53.50392 |
| 22059 | 55.83579 |
| 26750 | 59.01700 |
| 27002 | 59.23331 |
| 17673 | 59.81226 |
| 27023 | 62.53976 |
| 27954 | 62.99872 |
| 15768 | 64.65962 |
| 20502 | 66.62831 |
| 26237 | 67.07950 |
| 20386 | 67.93516 |
| 27968 | 71.50482 |
| 28226 | 71.58796 |
| 28130 | 74.46033 |
| 23330 | 93.31640 |
| ident | ch_feces_rel_p4_Y1_ln |
|---|---|
| 23327 | -Inf |
| 17617 | -5.459735 |
| 16682 | -5.270843 |
Genus Bifidobacterium Y1
Genus Bifidobacterium variable at one year doesn’t have any outliers.
Genus Bacteroides Y1
| ident | ch_feces_rel_g2_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 25773 | 63.55170 |
| 22198 | 64.72573 |
| 22772 | 65.80880 |
| 16606 | 68.58547 |
| 16650 | 74.61496 |
| 14856 | 77.49379 |
| 24006 | 77.75224 |
| ident | ch_feces_rel_g2_Y1_ln |
|---|---|
| 16815 | -Inf |
| 22059 | -Inf |
| 22809 | -Inf |
| 23271 | -Inf |
| 23769 | -Inf |
| 17365 | -6.318373 |
| 19261 | -5.469662 |
| 26318 | -5.402362 |
| 23848 | -5.263441 |
| 20194 | -5.230699 |
| 16294 | -4.843215 |
| 28130 | -4.837525 |
| 23663 | -4.822537 |
| 25501 | -4.633932 |
| 24954 | -4.556295 |
| 22620 | -4.532277 |
| 16782 | -4.351116 |
| 25943 | -4.308111 |
| 26606 | -4.245873 |
| 22640 | -4.230137 |
| 22857 | -4.078385 |
| 26766 | -4.058314 |
| 24359 | -3.986871 |
| 24226 | -3.878053 |
| 18673 | -3.849580 |
| 20110 | -3.772958 |
| 25673 | -3.757706 |
| 18002 | -3.618069 |
| 15645 | -3.562371 |
| 22094 | -3.532167 |
| 21955 | -3.457762 |
Genus Blautia Y1
| ident | ch_feces_rel_g3_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 24359 | 26.88639 |
| 26606 | 26.94677 |
| 26743 | 27.03046 |
| 24862 | 27.17326 |
| 16766 | 27.40951 |
| 22757 | 29.04340 |
| 23603 | 29.09020 |
| 17617 | 29.59134 |
| 26457 | 29.97717 |
| 24995 | 30.53021 |
| 18664 | 30.65735 |
| 18509 | 32.11204 |
| 18199 | 32.12291 |
| 17524 | 32.23506 |
| 27058 | 32.59997 |
| 14177 | 32.92643 |
| 20640 | 34.98152 |
| 22118 | 35.07580 |
| 27526 | 35.50186 |
| 24917 | 35.57943 |
| 27854 | 35.87615 |
| 15186 | 36.93569 |
| 25281 | 40.66080 |
| 19367 | 40.80985 |
| 22812 | 44.02528 |
| 16546 | 67.83070 |
| ident | ch_feces_rel_g3_Y1_ln |
|---|---|
| 14173 | -Inf |
| 14979 | -Inf |
| 16115 | -Inf |
| 16199 | -Inf |
| 17537 | -Inf |
| 17700 | -Inf |
| 17741 | -Inf |
| 21511 | -Inf |
| 22368 | -Inf |
| 23076 | -Inf |
| 23769 | -Inf |
| 23933 | -Inf |
| 25344 | -Inf |
| 27490 | -Inf |
| 15567 | -5.890539 |
| 22720 | -5.783764 |
| 18780 | -5.716732 |
| 25773 | -5.658367 |
| 27309 | -5.314486 |
| 18002 | -5.122147 |
| 28199 | -5.051393 |
| 25416 | -5.044199 |
| 23330 | -5.033766 |
| 25943 | -5.001258 |
| 19995 | -4.977469 |
| 19261 | -4.371050 |
| 22126 | -4.106679 |
| 21185 | -3.815206 |
| 25784 | -3.590991 |
| 27002 | -3.150986 |
| 27023 | -3.017249 |
| 20502 | -2.973199 |
Genera Escherichia and Shigella Y1
| ident | ch_feces_rel_g4_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 25416 | 13.58948 |
| 15960 | 13.58987 |
| 18509 | 13.60713 |
| 27309 | 13.64755 |
| 28119 | 15.39361 |
| 16766 | 17.23670 |
| 22992 | 17.36016 |
| 23769 | 17.96535 |
| 20151 | 17.97046 |
| 21048 | 18.25990 |
| 15066 | 18.55379 |
| 22167 | 20.25002 |
| 19261 | 20.41874 |
| 23076 | 20.44003 |
| 15567 | 21.39657 |
| 25433 | 21.92901 |
| 26806 | 22.15355 |
| 27658 | 22.91080 |
| 23816 | 23.85316 |
| 27706 | 24.08937 |
| 15422 | 24.20503 |
| 21785 | 25.49000 |
| 15741 | 25.50147 |
| 25784 | 26.09135 |
| 27747 | 27.68118 |
| 18501 | 28.26770 |
| 28226 | 29.34613 |
| 21839 | 33.41706 |
| 17664 | 35.40139 |
| 25668 | 35.83815 |
| 22640 | 36.12863 |
| 23271 | 37.62083 |
| 17700 | 39.83740 |
| 27490 | 41.40386 |
| 14173 | 41.80775 |
| 22364 | 43.11800 |
| 23275 | 45.21610 |
| 21511 | 47.08227 |
| 27305 | 49.40641 |
| 20386 | 50.88671 |
| 25943 | 52.23419 |
| 27002 | 57.71162 |
| 26750 | 58.92070 |
| 27954 | 61.96936 |
| 27023 | 62.53976 |
| 15768 | 64.28868 |
| 20502 | 66.38433 |
| 26237 | 67.04383 |
| 28130 | 74.45240 |
| 23330 | 93.25777 |
| ident | ch_feces_rel_g4_Y1_ln |
|---|---|
| 17095 | -Inf |
| 18673 | -Inf |
| 20640 | -Inf |
| 21967 | -Inf |
| 23327 | -Inf |
| 25166 | -Inf |
| 25913 | -Inf |
| 26457 | -Inf |
| 27344 | -Inf |
Covariates
Overview of the potential covariates
484 correspond a la taille d’échantillon total de SEPAGES.
356 correspond à la taille d’échantillon selon les données de microbiote disponibles.
Les effectifs finaux après prise en conmpte des données de neurodeveloppement varient selon la variable de neurodeveloppement et sont visibles dans le flowchart Part 3.
| Characteristic | Distribution | Missing data | Distribution | Missing data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 4841 | N = 4842 | N = 3561 | N = 3562 | |
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 106.14 (105.14, 108.00) | 67/484 (14%) | 106.14 (105.14, 108.14) | 20/356 (5.6%) |
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 160.3 (158.6, 163.1) | 102/484 (21%) | 160.3 (158.6, 163.1) | 41/356 (12%) |
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 158.4 (156.1, 160.9) | 65/484 (13%) | 158.1 (155.9, 160.4) | 15/356 (4.2%) |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 3.28 (3.04, 3.56) | 5/484 (1.0%) | 3.28 (3.03, 3.58) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Birth weight | ||||
| <3 Kg | 99 (21%) | 5/484 (1.0%) | 74 (21%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| 3-3.4 Kg | 236 (49%) | 5/484 (1.0%) | 174 (49%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 144 (30%) | 5/484 (1.0%) | 108 (30%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Birth length (cm) | 50.00 (49.00, 51.50) | 12/484 (2.5%) | 50.00 (49.00, 51.50) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| Birth length | ||||
| <50 cm | 170 (36%) | 12/484 (2.5%) | 130 (37%) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| 50-51 cm | 195 (41%) | 12/484 (2.5%) | 141 (40%) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| ≥52 cm | 107 (23%) | 12/484 (2.5%) | 84 (24%) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 9.31 (8.71, 10.13) | 68/484 (14%) | 9.25 (8.71, 10.17) | 5/356 (1.4%) |
| Weight at one year | ||||
| <8.5 Kg | 72 (17%) | 68/484 (14%) | 61 (17%) | 5/356 (1.4%) |
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 228 (55%) | 68/484 (14%) | 192 (55%) | 5/356 (1.4%) |
| ≥10 Kg | 116 (28%) | 68/484 (14%) | 98 (28%) | 5/356 (1.4%) |
| Length at one year (cm) | 76.00 (74.00, 78.00) | 80/484 (17%) | 76.00 (74.00, 78.00) | 13/356 (3.7%) |
| Length at one year | ||||
| <75 cm | 144 (36%) | 80/484 (17%) | 125 (36%) | 13/356 (3.7%) |
| 75-77.9 cm | 150 (37%) | 80/484 (17%) | 124 (36%) | 13/356 (3.7%) |
| ≥78 cm | 110 (27%) | 80/484 (17%) | 94 (27%) | 13/356 (3.7%) |
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 14.45 (13.50, 15.55) | 101/484 (21%) | 14.38 (13.50, 15.55) | 40/356 (11%) |
| Weight at 3 years | ||||
| 9-13 Kg | 126 (33%) | 101/484 (21%) | 105 (33%) | 40/356 (11%) |
| 14 Kg | 129 (34%) | 101/484 (21%) | 107 (34%) | 40/356 (11%) |
| 15-20 Kg | 128 (33%) | 101/484 (21%) | 104 (33%) | 40/356 (11%) |
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 95.0 (93.0, 97.3) | 103/484 (21%) | 95.3 (93.0, 97.4) | 42/356 (12%) |
| Length at 3 years | ||||
| 81-93 cm | 123 (32%) | 103/484 (21%) | 96 (31%) | 42/356 (12%) |
| 94-95 cm | 129 (34%) | 103/484 (21%) | 110 (35%) | 42/356 (12%) |
| 96-106 cm | 129 (34%) | 103/484 (21%) | 108 (34%) | 42/356 (12%) |
| Child sex | ||||
| Male | 256 (53%) | 5/484 (1.0%) | 190 (53%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Female | 223 (47%) | 5/484 (1.0%) | 166 (47%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Maternal education | ||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 272 (56%) | 2/484 (0.4%) | 201 (57%) | 2/356 (0.6%) |
| 3-4 years after graduation | 127 (26%) | 2/484 (0.4%) | 97 (27%) | 2/356 (0.6%) |
| 2 years or less after graduation | 83 (17%) | 2/484 (0.4%) | 56 (16%) | 2/356 (0.6%) |
| Maternal education | ||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 272 (56%) | 2/484 (0.4%) | 201 (57%) | 2/356 (0.6%) |
| <5 years after graduation | 210 (44%) | 2/484 (0.4%) | 153 (43%) | 2/356 (0.6%) |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 32.1 (29.9, 35.2) | 0/484 (0%) | 32.3 (29.9, 35.2) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Maternal age at conception | ||||
| 20-30 years | 161 (33%) | 0/484 (0%) | 115 (32%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| 31-33 years | 161 (33%) | 0/484 (0%) | 119 (33%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| 34-44 years | 162 (33%) | 0/484 (0%) | 122 (34%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Woman living in couple during pregnancy | 479 (99%) | 0/484 (0%) | 353 (99%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 21.5 (19.8, 23.9) | 4/484 (0.8%) | 21.5 (19.7, 23.7) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 60 (13%) | 4/484 (0.8%) | 48 (14%) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 301 (63%) | 4/484 (0.8%) | 223 (63%) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 119 (25%) | 4/484 (0.8%) | 84 (24%) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| Maternal parity | ||||
| 0 | 222 (46%) | 0/484 (0%) | 164 (46%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| 1 | 214 (44%) | 0/484 (0%) | 156 (44%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| 2 | 48 (9.9%) | 0/484 (0%) | 36 (10%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Maternal parity | ||||
| None | 222 (46%) | 0/484 (0%) | 164 (46%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| 1 child or more | 262 (54%) | 0/484 (0%) | 192 (54%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Breastfeeding duration (weeks) | 26 (13, 43) | 43/484 (8.9%) | 26 (16, 43) | 9/356 (2.5%) |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||
| Not breastfed | 40 (9.1%) | 43/484 (8.9%) | 29 (8.4%) | 9/356 (2.5%) |
| <24 weeks | 157 (36%) | 43/484 (8.9%) | 122 (35%) | 9/356 (2.5%) |
| 24-47 weeks | 149 (34%) | 43/484 (8.9%) | 117 (34%) | 9/356 (2.5%) |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 95 (22%) | 43/484 (8.9%) | 79 (23%) | 9/356 (2.5%) |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 40.00 (39.00, 40.00) | 4/484 (0.8%) | 40.00 (39.00, 40.00) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Delivery mode | ||||
| Vaginal delivery | 398 (83%) | 5/484 (1.0%) | 298 (84%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| C-section | 81 (17%) | 5/484 (1.0%) | 58 (16%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 293 (77%) | 105/484 (22%) | 253 (79%) | 37/356 (10%) |
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 66 (17%) | 105/484 (22%) | 50 (16%) | 37/356 (10%) |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 20 (5.3%) | 105/484 (22%) | 16 (5.0%) | 37/356 (10%) |
| Presence of pets | ||||
| No | 271 (70%) | 98/484 (20%) | 222 (71%) | 45/356 (13%) |
| One or more | 115 (30%) | 98/484 (20%) | 89 (29%) | 45/356 (13%) |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||
| No | 332 (72%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 246 (69%) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| Yes | 129 (28%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 109 (31%) | 1/356 (0.3%) |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 8.00 (7.00, 9.00) | 107/484 (22%) | 8.00 (7.00, 9.00) | 43/356 (12%) |
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 6.00 (5.00, 7.00) | 107/484 (22%) | 6.00 (6.00, 7.00) | 43/356 (12%) |
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 3.00 (3.00, 4.00) | 107/484 (22%) | 3.00 (3.00, 4.00) | 43/356 (12%) |
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 7.00 (7.00, 8.00) | 107/484 (22%) | 7.00 (7.00, 8.00) | 43/356 (12%) |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 25.00 (23.00, 26.00) | 107/484 (22%) | 25.00 (23.00, 26.00) | 43/356 (12%) |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 44/484 (9.1%) | 6.00 (4.00, 8.00) | 12/356 (3.4%) |
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 4.00 (2.00, 5.00) | 45/484 (9.3%) | 4.00 (2.00, 5.00) | 13/356 (3.7%) |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) | 46/484 (9.5%) | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) | 14/356 (3.9%) |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) | 167/484 (35%) | 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) | 81/356 (23%) |
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 3.00 (2.00, 6.00) | 167/484 (35%) | 3.00 (2.00, 6.00) | 81/356 (23%) |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 10.0 (8.0, 14.0) | 167/484 (35%) | 11.0 (8.0, 14.0) | 81/356 (23%) |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||
| No | 401 (93%) | 54/484 (11%) | 310 (94%) | 26/356 (7.3%) |
| Yes | 29 (6.7%) | 54/484 (11%) | 20 (6.1%) | 26/356 (7.3%) |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||
| No | 352 (80%) | 44/484 (9.1%) | 277 (82%) | 17/356 (4.8%) |
| Yes | 88 (20%) | 44/484 (9.1%) | 62 (18%) | 17/356 (4.8%) |
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||
| No | 340 (78%) | 50/484 (10%) | 277 (78%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Yes | 94 (22%) | 50/484 (10%) | 79 (22%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||
| No | 267 (63%) | 63/484 (13%) | 224 (66%) | 16/356 (4.5%) |
| Yes | 154 (37%) | 63/484 (13%) | 116 (34%) | 16/356 (4.5%) |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||
| No | 277 (65%) | 61/484 (13%) | 232 (67%) | 12/356 (3.4%) |
| Yes | 146 (35%) | 61/484 (13%) | 112 (33%) | 12/356 (3.4%) |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||
| Did not drink | 149 (32%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 110 (31%) | 4/356 (1.1%) |
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 208 (45%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 168 (48%) | 4/356 (1.1%) |
| Drank | 104 (23%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 74 (21%) | 4/356 (1.1%) |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||
| Did not drink | 149 (32%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 110 (31%) | 4/356 (1.1%) |
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 208 (45%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 168 (48%) | 4/356 (1.1%) |
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 81 (18%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 63 (18%) | 4/356 (1.1%) |
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 23 (5.0%) | 23/484 (4.8%) | 11 (3.1%) | 4/356 (1.1%) |
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||
| Collective day care | 253 (63%) | 81/484 (17%) | 209 (63%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Other | 150 (37%) | 81/484 (17%) | 122 (37%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||
| Collective day care | 326 (81%) | 81/484 (17%) | 271 (82%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Other | 77 (19%) | 81/484 (17%) | 60 (18%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||
| Collective day care | 334 (83%) | 81/484 (17%) | 278 (84%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Other | 69 (17%) | 81/484 (17%) | 53 (16%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||
| Collective day care | 81 (20%) | 81/484 (17%) | 61 (18%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 172 (43%) | 81/484 (17%) | 148 (45%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Other | 150 (37%) | 81/484 (17%) | 122 (37%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||
| Collective day care | 132 (33%) | 81/484 (17%) | 101 (31%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 194 (48%) | 81/484 (17%) | 170 (51%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Other | 77 (19%) | 81/484 (17%) | 60 (18%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||
| Collective day care | 135 (33%) | 81/484 (17%) | 104 (31%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 199 (49%) | 81/484 (17%) | 174 (53%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Other | 69 (17%) | 81/484 (17%) | 53 (16%) | 25/356 (7.0%) |
| Paternal ethinicity | ||||
| Caucassian | 390 (95%) | 74/484 (15%) | 304 (95%) | 35/356 (9.8%) |
| Others | 20 (4.9%) | 74/484 (15%) | 17 (5.3%) | 35/356 (9.8%) |
| Paternal education | ||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 189 (64%) | 190/484 (39%) | 157 (64%) | 110/356 (31%) |
| 3-4 years after graduation | 49 (17%) | 190/484 (39%) | 41 (17%) | 110/356 (31%) |
| 2 years or less after graduation | 56 (19%) | 190/484 (39%) | 48 (20%) | 110/356 (31%) |
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 34.4 (31.6, 38.0) | 82/484 (17%) | 34.4 (31.6, 37.9) | 39/356 (11%) |
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||
| 23-31 years | 134 (33%) | 82/484 (17%) | 106 (33%) | 39/356 (11%) |
| 32-36 years | 134 (33%) | 82/484 (17%) | 106 (33%) | 39/356 (11%) |
| 37-72 years | 134 (33%) | 82/484 (17%) | 105 (33%) | 39/356 (11%) |
| Maternal ethnicity | ||||
| Caucassian | 445 (96%) | 21/484 (4.3%) | 341 (97%) | 3/356 (0.8%) |
| Others | 18 (3.9%) | 21/484 (4.3%) | 12 (3.4%) | 3/356 (0.8%) |
| Child age at stool collection (weeks) | 53.6 (52.2, 55.4) | 131/484 (27%) | 53.5 (52.2, 55.4) | 7/356 (2.0%) |
| MiSeq analytic batch effect | ||||
| R2 | 218 (61%) | 128/484 (26%) | 218 (61%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| R3 | 138 (39%) | 128/484 (26%) | 138 (39%) | 0/356 (0%) |
| 1 Median (IQR); n (%) | ||||
| 2 N missing/No. obs. (% missing); N missing/No. obs. (% missing) | ||||
Continuous covariates
| Variable labels | Min | Q1 | Median | Mean | Q3 | Max | N | W_statistic_shapiro | p_value_shapiro |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 100 | 105 | 106 | 106.7 | 108 | 121 | 417 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 144 | 159 | 160 | 161.3 | 163 | 184 | 382 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 144 | 156 | 158 | 159.0 | 161 | 198 | 419 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3.3 | 4 | 5 | 479 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Birth length (cm) | 36 | 49 | 50 | 50.1 | 52 | 59 | 472 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 6 | 9 | 9 | 9.4 | 10 | 13 | 416 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Length at one year (cm) | 68 | 74 | 76 | 76.0 | 78 | 84 | 404 | 1 | 2.069817e-01 |
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 9 | 14 | 14 | 14.6 | 16 | 20 | 383 | 1 | 7.891381e-03 |
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 81 | 93 | 95 | 95.2 | 97 | 106 | 381 | 1 | 6.023938e-02 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 21 | 30 | 32 | 32.5 | 35 | 45 | 484 | 1 | 6.554413e-02 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 17 | 20 | 22 | 22.4 | 24 | 42 | 480 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Breastfeeding duration (weeks) | 0 | 13 | 26 | 26.6 | 43 | 48 | 441 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 28 | 39 | 40 | 39.2 | 40 | 42 | 480 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 4 | 7 | 8 | 8.0 | 9 | 11 | 377 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6.0 | 7 | 7 | 377 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3.3 | 4 | 5 | 377 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7.3 | 8 | 11 | 377 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 16 | 23 | 25 | 24.5 | 26 | 32 | 377 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 0 | 4 | 6 | 6.4 | 8 | 18 | 440 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4.2 | 5 | 19 | 439 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 2 | 7 | 10 | 10.6 | 13 | 37 | 438 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 1 | 5 | 7 | 7.2 | 9 | 17 | 317 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3.9 | 6 | 14 | 317 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 2 | 8 | 10 | 11.1 | 14 | 31 | 317 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 24 | 32 | 34 | 35.2 | 38 | 73 | 402 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Child age at stool collection (weeks) | 48 | 52 | 54 | 54.2 | 55 | 70 | 353 | 0.9 | <0.001 |
Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation
| ident | ch_age_CBCL_Y2 |
|---|---|
| 24246 | 99.85714 |
| 14638 | 112.42857 |
| 18673 | 112.57143 |
| 18501 | 112.71429 |
| 20306 | 113.00000 |
| 25784 | 113.00000 |
| 21511 | 113.14286 |
| 26457 | 113.28571 |
| 21112 | 113.85714 |
| 14461 | 114.00000 |
| 23994 | 114.00000 |
| 19954 | 115.14286 |
| 25409 | 115.42857 |
| 24298 | 116.00000 |
| 27015 | 116.71429 |
| 23250 | 117.85714 |
| 23258 | 120.71429 |
Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation
| ident | ch_age_IQ_Y3 |
|---|---|
| 17465 | 143.5714 |
| 16650 | 170.0000 |
| 25344 | 170.1429 |
| 25572 | 170.7143 |
| 25773 | 170.8571 |
| 14177 | 171.2857 |
| 26136 | 171.5714 |
| 14184 | 171.7143 |
| 27943 | 171.7143 |
| 27866 | 172.4286 |
| 22620 | 173.0000 |
| 15960 | 173.4286 |
| 14013 | 173.7143 |
| 25784 | 175.0000 |
| 26882 | 180.2857 |
| 17115 | 183.7143 |
Child age at the SRS and BRIEF-P 3 years evaluation
| ident | ch_age_SRS_BRIEFP_Y3 |
|---|---|
| 17465 | 143.5714 |
| 27084 | 168.2857 |
| 28021 | 168.7143 |
| 26806 | 169.4286 |
| 15704 | 169.8571 |
| 17906 | 169.8571 |
| 22672 | 170.4286 |
| 23696 | 171.4286 |
| 27943 | 172.2857 |
| 22620 | 173.0000 |
| 14013 | 173.7143 |
| 23994 | 176.0000 |
| 21271 | 176.4286 |
| 14638 | 178.4286 |
| 26882 | 197.5714 |
Paternal age at child birth (years)
| ident | fa_age |
|---|---|
| 20905 | 48.84110 |
| 26539 | 49.09863 |
| 26882 | 50.93425 |
| 18086 | 55.10137 |
| 14886 | 57.95068 |
| 22620 | 72.57808 |
Maternal age at conception (years)
| ident | mo_age |
|---|---|
| 15370 | 20.56400 |
| 15929 | 44.87337 |
| 22620 | 45.32512 |
| 20905 | 45.47023 |
Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2)
| ident | mo_bmi_bepr |
|---|---|
| 25668 | 30.33111 |
| 15066 | 30.39341 |
| 18700 | 30.48316 |
| 16088 | 30.58181 |
| 27871 | 31.08530 |
| 18673 | 31.13306 |
| 16093 | 31.67393 |
| 14934 | 31.78093 |
| 26871 | 31.93935 |
| 19216 | 33.05785 |
| 17585 | 34.18245 |
| 23475 | 35.11111 |
| 24897 | 35.93750 |
| 23327 | 36.71875 |
| 25806 | 38.66746 |
| 16782 | 40.25726 |
| 22042 | 41.27022 |
| 18721 | 41.83683 |
| 27442 | 41.95202 |
Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy
| ident | mo_hadanxscore_grt3_imp |
|---|---|
| 14433 | 15 |
| 14732 | 15 |
| 15034 | 15 |
| 18873 | 15 |
| 25166 | 15 |
| 17717 | 16 |
| 16294 | 17 |
| 19125 | 17 |
| 16088 | 18 |
Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy
| ident | mo_haddepscore_grt3_imp |
|---|---|
| 14184 | 10 |
| 14680 | 10 |
| 15326 | 10 |
| 15713 | 10 |
| 16786 | 10 |
| 18721 | 10 |
| 19971 | 10 |
| 20536 | 10 |
| 20905 | 10 |
| 23020 | 10 |
| 23250 | 10 |
| 25409 | 10 |
| 25668 | 10 |
| 27539 | 10 |
| 14276 | 11 |
| 14930 | 11 |
| 18199 | 11 |
| 23475 | 11 |
| 23974 | 11 |
| 17248 | 12 |
| 22042 | 12 |
| 14433 | 13 |
| 23076 | 13 |
| 23306 | 14 |
| 27305 | 14 |
| 16294 | 18 |
| 16088 | 19 |
Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy
| ident | mo_hadtotscore_grt3_imp |
|---|---|
| 15034 | 23 |
| 18873 | 23 |
| 19125 | 23 |
| 20536 | 23 |
| 23306 | 23 |
| 14732 | 24 |
| 23076 | 25 |
| 23475 | 25 |
| 14433 | 28 |
| 16294 | 35 |
| 16088 | 37 |
Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old
| ident | mo_hadanxscore_y1_imp |
|---|---|
| 15645 | 16 |
| 17906 | 16 |
| 17764 | 17 |
| 19764 | 17 |
| 23603 | 17 |
Maternal depression score when child is one year old
| ident | mo_haddepscore_y1_imp |
|---|---|
| 27316 | 13 |
| 14732 | 14 |
| 17764 | 14 |
| 28047 | 14 |
Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old
| ident | mo_hadtotscore_y1_imp |
|---|---|
| 24359 | 24 |
| 14732 | 25 |
| 23603 | 25 |
| 28119 | 25 |
| 17906 | 26 |
| 17764 | 31 |
Breastfeeding duration (weeks)
Breastfeeding duration variable doesn’t have outliers.
Gestational duration (completed weeks)
| ident | po_gd |
|---|---|
| 14886 | 28 |
| 17827 | 30 |
| 15929 | 32 |
| 16815 | 33 |
| 25668 | 33 |
| 25943 | 33 |
| 14880 | 34 |
| 23901 | 35 |
| 26136 | 35 |
| 26760 | 35 |
| 27666 | 35 |
| 14548 | 36 |
| 15075 | 36 |
| 15821 | 36 |
| 15921 | 36 |
| 18186 | 36 |
| 18780 | 36 |
| 20536 | 36 |
| 22620 | 36 |
| 23076 | 36 |
| 23306 | 36 |
| 24829 | 36 |
| 25565 | 36 |
| 26891 | 36 |
| 14412 | 37 |
| 14433 | 37 |
| 14461 | 37 |
| 15239 | 37 |
| 15836 | 37 |
| 16021 | 37 |
| 16490 | 37 |
| 16546 | 37 |
| 17248 | 37 |
| 18553 | 37 |
| 18700 | 37 |
| 19125 | 37 |
| 19339 | 37 |
| 20110 | 37 |
| 21271 | 37 |
| 21519 | 37 |
| 22772 | 37 |
| 22812 | 37 |
| 23610 | 37 |
| 23957 | 37 |
| 25337 | 37 |
| 25509 | 37 |
| 25806 | 37 |
| 26168 | 37 |
| 26237 | 37 |
| 27442 | 37 |
| 27650 | 37 |
| 28130 | 37 |
| 27490 | 42 |
Child age at stool collection (weeks)
| ident | ch_feces_age_w_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 28021 | 60.19048 |
| 27201 | 60.40476 |
| 27442 | 60.79563 |
| 16407 | 60.79762 |
| 27526 | 61.07887 |
| 20640 | 61.36756 |
| 24587 | 61.62202 |
| 15186 | 62.08482 |
| 26136 | 62.19345 |
| 27943 | 62.22272 |
| 14638 | 62.91518 |
| 21271 | 62.93651 |
| 14680 | 63.65575 |
| 14567 | 64.52827 |
| 17958 | 65.24058 |
| 22118 | 65.48760 |
| 27866 | 65.66925 |
| 27871 | 67.57143 |
| 15487 | 68.40377 |
| 26882 | 69.83284 |
| 21148 | 70.37063 |
Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire)
Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) variable doesn’t have outliers.
Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire)
Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) variable doesn’t have outliers.
Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire)
| ident | home_academic_y3 |
|---|---|
| 14567 | 0 |
| 14895 | 0 |
| 15171 | 0 |
| 18868 | 0 |
| 14576 | 1 |
| 14856 | 1 |
| 14958 | 1 |
| 15186 | 1 |
| 15218 | 1 |
| 16782 | 1 |
| 17138 | 1 |
| 23306 | 1 |
| 24335 | 1 |
| 28066 | 1 |
Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire)
| ident | home_variety_y3 |
|---|---|
| 15813 | 4 |
| 16546 | 4 |
| 27658 | 4 |
| 14930 | 5 |
| 15034 | 5 |
| 15186 | 5 |
| 15218 | 5 |
| 15367 | 5 |
| 16435 | 5 |
| 16766 | 5 |
| 17095 | 5 |
| 17668 | 5 |
| 17708 | 5 |
| 18581 | 5 |
| 19677 | 5 |
| 22198 | 5 |
| 22388 | 5 |
| 25043 | 5 |
| 25409 | 5 |
| 25509 | 5 |
| 26237 | 5 |
| 27567 | 5 |
| 27747 | 5 |
| 27915 | 5 |
| 14557 | 11 |
HOME questionnaire total score
| ident | home_total_y3 |
|---|---|
| 15171 | 16 |
| 15186 | 17 |
| 18868 | 17 |
| 15218 | 18 |
| 15813 | 18 |
| 16546 | 18 |
| 22957 | 31 |
| 25337 | 31 |
| 26760 | 31 |
| 19387 | 32 |
Birth weight (Kg)
| ident | po_w_kg |
|---|---|
| 17827 | 0.995 |
| 14886 | 1.015 |
| 15929 | 1.880 |
| 23076 | 1.880 |
| 19587 | 2.070 |
| 14412 | 2.160 |
| 24829 | 2.170 |
| 26760 | 2.190 |
| 25565 | 2.200 |
| 24485 | 4.480 |
| 19418 | 4.520 |
| 27058 | 4.590 |
| 23371 | 4.670 |
Birth length (cm)
| ident | po_he |
|---|---|
| 17827 | 36.4 |
| 14886 | 38.0 |
| 15929 | 42.5 |
| 23076 | 42.5 |
| 26760 | 43.0 |
| 14880 | 44.0 |
| 24829 | 44.0 |
| 14412 | 45.0 |
| 16179 | 45.0 |
| 16815 | 45.0 |
| 16958 | 55.5 |
| 19261 | 56.0 |
| 19708 | 56.0 |
| 14476 | 57.0 |
| 17708 | 57.5 |
| 23924 | 58.5 |
Weight at one year (Kg)
| ident | ch_w_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 24829 | 6.0175 |
| 22388 | 12.8850 |
| 18721 | 13.3850 |
Length at one year (cm)
| ident | ch_he_Y1 |
|---|---|
| 24829 | 67.75 |
Weight at 3 years (Kg)
| ident | ch_w_Y3 |
|---|---|
| 24829 | 9.15 |
| 16088 | 18.65 |
| 22223 | 18.65 |
| 22388 | 18.75 |
| 20098 | 19.30 |
| 22288 | 19.35 |
| 17617 | 19.50 |
Length at 3 years (cm)
Les enfants avec les ident “27309”, “17668” et “17958” ont été passé en données manquantes car les valeurs taille à 3 ans étaient improbables (environ égales à 10 cm)
| ident | ch_he_Y3 |
|---|---|
| 24829 | 81.00 |
| 25913 | 86.00 |
| 16179 | 86.25 |
| 26117 | 86.25 |
| 20194 | 86.50 |
| 22388 | 104.00 |
| 24127 | 104.00 |
| 25915 | 104.25 |
| 22288 | 105.00 |
| 20151 | 105.50 |
| 28021 | 106.00 |
Part 2: Choice of covariates and their coding
Directed acyclic graph
Ici on teste :
- toutes les covariables potentielles identifiées avec le DAG (Univariates models)
- 1 modèle multivarié en modèle univarié toutes les covariables potentielles (Multivariate model test 1, avant inclusion des variables d’intérêt) :
- les covariables de ce modèles sont :
- var_age (âge de l’enfant lors du test de neurodeveloppement)
- po_w_kg_3cat (poids de l’enfant à la naissance
- po_he_3cat (taille de l’enfant à la naissance
- mo_dipl_2cat (niveau de diplome de la mère)
- mo_age (âge maternel)
- mo_bmi_bepr_3cat (IMC maternel avant la grossesse)
- ch_sex (sexe de l’enfant)
- mo_par_2cat (parité)
- ch_bf_duration_till48w_4cat (durée de la l’allaitement)
- po_gd (durée de la gestation)
- po_delmod (mode d’accouchement
- ch_food_intro_Y1_3cat (période d’introduction de la nourriture solide)
- mo_pets (présence d’animaux)
- ch_antibio_Y1_2cat (prise d’antibiotique entre la naissance et l’âge de 1 an)
- home_total_y3 (score HOME à 3 ans)
- mo_hadtotscore_grt3_imp (score d’anxiété et de dépression de la mère lors du 3ème trimestre de la grossesse)
- mo_tob_gr_anyt_yn_n2 (tabagisme actif de la mère pendant la grossesse)
- ch_tabacco_passive_up_to_Y1 (tabagisme périnatal passif de l’enfant (tabagisme passif de la mère pendant la grossesse + tabagisme passif de l’enfant de la naissance à l’âge de 1 an)
- ch_care_main_12m_opt2_2c (mode de garde principal de l’enfant à l’âge de 1 an)
- La différence avec le deuxième modèle multivarié porte sur la variable mode de garde
- les covariables de ce modèles sont :
- 1 modèle multivarié en modèle univarié toutes les covariables potentielles (Multivariate model test 1, avant inclusion des variables d’intérêt) :
- les covariables de ce modèles sont :
- var_age (âge de l’enfant lors du test de neurodeveloppement)
- po_w_kg_3cat (poids de l’enfant à la naissance
- po_he_3cat (taille de l’enfant à la naissance
- mo_dipl_2cat (niveau de diplome de la mère)
- mo_age (âge maternel)
- mo_bmi_bepr_3cat (IMC maternel avant la grossesse)
- ch_sex (sexe de l’enfant)
- mo_par_2cat (parité)
- ch_bf_duration_till48w_4cat (durée de la l’allaitement)
- po_gd (durée de la gestation)
- po_delmod (mode d’accouchement
- ch_food_intro_Y1_3cat (période d’introduction de la nourriture solide)
- mo_pets (présence d’animaux)
- ch_antibio_Y1_2cat (prise d’antibiotique entre la naissance et l’âge de 1 an)
- home_total_y3 (score HOME à 3 ans)
- mo_hadtotscore_grt3_imp (score d’anxiété et de dépression de la mère lors du 3ème trimestre de la grossesse)
- mo_tob_gr_anyt_yn_n2 (tabagisme actif de la mère pendant la grossesse)
- ch_tabacco_passive_up_to_Y1 (tabagisme périnatal passif de l’enfant (tabagisme passif de la mère pendant la grossesse + tabagisme passif de l’enfant de la naissance à l’âge de 1 an)
- ch_care_main_6m_12m_opt2_2c (mode de garde principal de l’enfant jusqu’à l’âge de 1 an)
- La différence avec le premier modèle multivarié porte sur la variable mode de garde
- les covariables de ce modèles sont :
Tous les outcomes sont en continue, sans transformation.
Les variables de microbiote ne sont pas encore inclues dans ces modèles.
CBCL 2Y
Interne score Y2
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3361 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 336 | 0.5 | -0.6, 1.6 | 0.367 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 166 (49%) | 0.8 | -0.6, 2.1 | 0.265 | 1.0 | -0.6, 2.6 | 0.215 | 0.9 | -0.6, 2.5 | 0.240 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 100 (30%) | 0.9 | -0.6, 2.3 | 0.246 | 1.5 | -0.5, 3.5 | 0.149 | 1.4 | -0.6, 3.4 | 0.161 |
| Birth length (cm) | 335 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.749 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 123 (37%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 135 (40%) | 0.2 | -1.0, 1.3 | 0.783 | -0.3 | -1.7, 1.1 | 0.701 | -0.3 | -1.7, 1.1 | 0.706 |
| ≥52 cm | 77 (23%) | 0.0 | -1.4, 1.4 | 0.995 | -0.6 | -2.4, 1.3 | 0.560 | -0.5 | -2.4, 1.3 | 0.576 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 331 | -0.1 | -0.6, 0.4 | 0.648 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 61 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 181 (55%) | -0.4 | -1.8, 1.0 | 0.593 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 89 (27%) | -0.4 | -2.0, 1.2 | 0.630 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 324 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.1 | 0.263 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 121 (37%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 118 (36%) | -1.5 | -2.7, -0.3 | 0.012 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 85 (26%) | -0.7 | -2.0, 0.5 | 0.259 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 307 | -0.2 | -0.6, 0.1 | 0.142 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 104 (34%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 103 (34%) | -1.3 | -2.6, 0.0 | 0.052 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 100 (33%) | -0.8 | -2.1, 0.5 | 0.227 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 306 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.125 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 94 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 109 (36%) | -0.2 | -1.5, 1.2 | 0.802 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 103 (34%) | -0.7 | -2.0, 0.7 | 0.327 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 181 (54%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 155 (46%) | 0.2 | -0.9, 1.2 | 0.739 | 0.6 | -0.5, 1.7 | 0.295 | 0.6 | -0.5, 1.7 | 0.308 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (57%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 91 (27%) | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.2 | 0.977 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 52 (16%) | 0.4 | -1.1, 1.9 | 0.611 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (57%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 143 (43%) | 0.1 | -0.9, 1.2 | 0.777 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.9 | 0.762 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.9 | 0.747 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 336 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.049 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.147 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.142 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 335 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.563 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 47 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 209 (62%) | 0.1 | -1.4, 1.7 | 0.856 | 0.4 | -1.1, 1.9 | 0.622 | 0.4 | -1.1, 1.9 | 0.600 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 79 (24%) | 0.6 | -1.1, 2.3 | 0.489 | 0.5 | -1.2, 2.3 | 0.572 | 0.5 | -1.3, 2.2 | 0.581 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 157 (47%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 179 (53%) | -1.2 | -2.2, -0.2 | 0.022 | -1.5 | -2.7, -0.4 | 0.009 | -1.6 | -2.7, -0.4 | 0.008 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 28 (8.5%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 114 (35%) | -0.2 | -2.2, 1.8 | 0.833 | -0.1 | -2.1, 1.9 | 0.952 | 0.0 | -2.0, 2.0 | 0.962 |
| 24-47 weeks | 113 (34%) | -0.3 | -2.3, 1.7 | 0.803 | 0.1 | -1.9, 2.2 | 0.887 | 0.2 | -1.9, 2.2 | 0.876 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 73 (22%) | 0.8 | -1.3, 2.9 | 0.434 | 0.9 | -1.1, 3.0 | 0.375 | 0.9 | -1.2, 3.0 | 0.392 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 336 | 0.2 | -0.1, 0.5 | 0.229 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.5 | 0.648 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.5 | 0.619 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 282 (84%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | -0.2 | -1.6, 1.2 | 0.805 | -0.4 | -1.9, 1.1 | 0.595 | -0.4 | -1.8, 1.1 | 0.631 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 247 (80%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 47 (15%) | -0.1 | -1.6, 1.5 | 0.946 | -0.7 | -2.3, 0.9 | 0.365 | -0.8 | -2.4, 0.9 | 0.352 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.2%) | -0.7 | -3.4, 2.0 | 0.588 | 0.5 | -2.4, 3.3 | 0.746 | 0.4 | -2.4, 3.2 | 0.761 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 214 (72%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 83 (28%) | 0.3 | -0.9, 1.5 | 0.589 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.648 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.666 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 230 (69%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 105 (31%) | -0.7 | -1.8, 0.4 | 0.220 | -0.6 | -1.8, 0.5 | 0.279 | -0.6 | -1.8, 0.5 | 0.277 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 302 | -0.3 | -0.7, 0.1 | 0.124 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 302 | -0.6 | -1.3, 0.1 | 0.094 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 302 | 0.0 | -0.6, 0.6 | 0.938 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 302 | -0.4 | -0.9, 0.1 | 0.091 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 302 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.050 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.096 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.093 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 329 | 0.3 | 0.1, 0.5 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 327 | 0.3 | 0.1, 0.4 | 0.008 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 327 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.3 | <0.001 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.4 | <0.001 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 268 | 0.4 | 0.3, 0.6 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 268 | 0.5 | 0.3, 0.7 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 268 | 0.3 | 0.2, 0.5 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 294 (94%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 18 (5.8%) | -0.1 | -2.3, 2.1 | 0.926 | -0.2 | -2.8, 2.4 | 0.888 | -0.2 | -2.8, 2.4 | 0.892 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 262 (81%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 61 (19%) | 1.3 | 0.0, 2.7 | 0.051 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 259 (77%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 77 (23%) | 1.1 | -0.1, 2.3 | 0.081 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 210 (65%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 112 (35%) | 1.1 | 0.0, 2.2 | 0.052 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 217 (67%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 109 (33%) | 1.2 | 0.1, 2.3 | 0.040 | 0.9 | -0.3, 2.0 | 0.127 | 0.9 | -0.3, 2.0 | 0.125 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 105 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 158 (47%) | -2.1 | -3.3, -1.0 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Drank | 70 (21%) | -1.9 | -3.3, -0.5 | 0.009 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 105 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 158 (47%) | -2.1 | -3.3, -1.0 | <0.001 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 59 (18%) | -1.9 | -3.4, -0.4 | 0.012 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 11 (3.3%) | -1.8 | -4.8, 1.1 | 0.215 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 199 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 118 (37%) | -0.3 | -1.4, 0.8 | 0.571 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 260 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.4 | -1.8, 0.9 | 0.531 | -0.5 | -2.0, 0.9 | 0.473 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 266 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 51 (16%) | -0.1 | -1.5, 1.4 | 0.912 | -0.1 | -1.6, 1.4 | 0.864 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 59 (19%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 140 (44%) | 0.2 | -1.3, 1.7 | 0.794 | ||||||
| Other | 118 (37%) | -0.2 | -1.7, 1.3 | 0.816 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 98 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 162 (51%) | 0.1 | -1.1, 1.3 | 0.824 | ||||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.4 | -1.9, 1.2 | 0.658 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 101 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 165 (52%) | -0.1 | -1.3, 1.1 | 0.883 | ||||||
| Other | 51 (16%) | -0.1 | -1.8, 1.5 | 0.868 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 152 (64%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 40 (17%) | 1.2 | -0.5, 2.9 | 0.164 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 46 (19%) | -0.2 | -1.8, 1.4 | 0.849 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 301 | -0.2 | -0.3, -0.1 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 97 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 105 (35%) | -1.1 | -2.4, 0.2 | 0.092 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 99 (33%) | -2.2 | -3.6, -0.9 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 336 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.292 | ||||||
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.365 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.380 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 336 | 336 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.125 | 0.123 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.054 | 0.052 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
Externe score Y2
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3351 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 335 | 0.2 | -1.3, 1.7 | 0.786 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 166 (50%) | 0.0 | -1.7, 1.8 | 0.981 | -0.5 | -2.7, 1.6 | 0.611 | -0.6 | -2.7, 1.5 | 0.571 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 99 (30%) | 0.5 | -1.5, 2.4 | 0.630 | -0.1 | -2.8, 2.6 | 0.940 | -0.1 | -2.8, 2.5 | 0.914 |
| Birth length (cm) | 334 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.913 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 123 (37%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 134 (40%) | 0.2 | -1.3, 1.7 | 0.801 | -0.3 | -2.1, 1.6 | 0.789 | -0.2 | -2.1, 1.6 | 0.795 |
| ≥52 cm | 77 (23%) | 0.6 | -1.2, 2.4 | 0.545 | 0.1 | -2.4, 2.6 | 0.917 | 0.2 | -2.4, 2.7 | 0.900 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 330 | 0.0 | -0.6, 0.7 | 0.888 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 61 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 180 (55%) | 0.7 | -1.2, 2.5 | 0.472 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 89 (27%) | 0.5 | -1.6, 2.5 | 0.645 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 323 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.598 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 121 (37%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 117 (36%) | 0.1 | -1.5, 1.7 | 0.912 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 85 (26%) | 0.6 | -1.1, 2.3 | 0.500 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 306 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.4 | 0.973 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 104 (34%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 102 (33%) | -0.5 | -2.2, 1.3 | 0.581 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 100 (33%) | 0.2 | -1.5, 2.0 | 0.802 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 305 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.2 | 0.827 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 94 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 108 (35%) | 1.6 | -0.2, 3.3 | 0.075 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 103 (34%) | 0.0 | -1.7, 1.8 | 0.986 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 180 (54%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 155 (46%) | -0.9 | -2.2, 0.5 | 0.217 | -0.3 | -1.8, 1.2 | 0.702 | -0.3 | -1.8, 1.2 | 0.690 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (57%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 90 (27%) | 1.1 | -0.4, 2.7 | 0.157 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 52 (16%) | 1.4 | -0.5, 3.3 | 0.159 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (57%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 142 (43%) | 1.2 | -0.1, 2.6 | 0.078 | 0.7 | -0.7, 2.1 | 0.304 | 0.7 | -0.7, 2.1 | 0.313 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 335 | -0.2 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.065 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.053 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.052 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 334 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.178 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 47 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 209 (63%) | 0.9 | -1.1, 2.9 | 0.387 | 0.9 | -1.1, 3.0 | 0.383 | 0.9 | -1.1, 3.0 | 0.372 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 78 (23%) | 0.9 | -1.4, 3.2 | 0.432 | 0.7 | -1.6, 3.1 | 0.547 | 0.7 | -1.6, 3.1 | 0.554 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 157 (47%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 178 (53%) | -0.1 | -1.4, 1.3 | 0.930 | -0.2 | -1.7, 1.3 | 0.811 | -0.2 | -1.7, 1.3 | 0.770 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 28 (8.6%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 113 (35%) | -0.5 | -3.1, 2.2 | 0.727 | -0.1 | -2.8, 2.6 | 0.941 | -0.1 | -2.8, 2.6 | 0.947 |
| 24-47 weeks | 113 (35%) | -0.8 | -3.4, 1.8 | 0.556 | 0.1 | -2.6, 2.8 | 0.942 | 0.1 | -2.6, 2.8 | 0.935 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 73 (22%) | 0.0 | -2.8, 2.7 | 0.974 | 0.4 | -2.4, 3.2 | 0.777 | 0.4 | -2.4, 3.2 | 0.797 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 335 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.6 | 0.557 | 0.1 | -0.4, 0.6 | 0.663 | 0.1 | -0.4, 0.7 | 0.639 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 281 (84%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | 0.1 | -1.8, 1.9 | 0.939 | -0.1 | -2.1, 1.9 | 0.934 | 0.0 | -2.0, 1.9 | 0.968 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 247 (80%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 47 (15%) | -0.4 | -2.4, 1.6 | 0.701 | -0.8 | -2.8, 1.3 | 0.469 | -0.8 | -2.8, 1.3 | 0.454 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.2%) | 0.6 | -2.9, 4.2 | 0.718 | 0.8 | -3.0, 4.6 | 0.672 | 0.8 | -3.1, 4.6 | 0.690 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 214 (72%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 83 (28%) | -0.9 | -2.5, 0.7 | 0.273 | -1.1 | -2.7, 0.5 | 0.183 | -1.1 | -2.7, 0.5 | 0.180 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 229 (69%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 105 (31%) | 0.3 | -1.2, 1.8 | 0.694 | 0.4 | -1.1, 1.9 | 0.629 | 0.4 | -1.1, 1.9 | 0.634 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 301 | -0.5 | -1.1, 0.0 | 0.046 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 301 | -0.6 | -1.5, 0.3 | 0.212 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 301 | -0.5 | -1.3, 0.3 | 0.226 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 301 | -0.6 | -1.3, 0.0 | 0.058 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 301 | -0.4 | -0.6, -0.1 | 0.010 | -0.3 | -0.6, 0.0 | 0.044 | -0.3 | -0.6, 0.0 | 0.042 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 328 | 0.4 | 0.1, 0.6 | 0.003 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 326 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.5 | 0.098 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 326 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.3 | 0.005 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.4 | 0.004 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.4 | 0.004 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 268 | 0.4 | 0.2, 0.7 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 268 | 0.4 | 0.1, 0.7 | 0.006 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 268 | 0.3 | 0.1, 0.5 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 294 (94%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 18 (5.8%) | 2.8 | -0.3, 5.8 | 0.072 | 1.6 | -1.4, 4.6 | 0.282 | 1.6 | -1.3, 4.6 | 0.280 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 262 (81%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 61 (19%) | 1.7 | -0.1, 3.4 | 0.059 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 258 (77%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 77 (23%) | 1.2 | -0.4, 2.9 | 0.126 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 210 (65%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 112 (35%) | 1.6 | 0.1, 3.0 | 0.034 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 217 (67%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 109 (33%) | 1.6 | 0.2, 3.1 | 0.026 | 1.0 | -0.5, 2.5 | 0.187 | 1.0 | -0.5, 2.5 | 0.184 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 104 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 158 (48%) | -1.0 | -2.5, 0.6 | 0.231 | ||||||
| Drank | 70 (21%) | 0.1 | -1.9, 2.0 | 0.953 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 104 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 158 (48%) | -1.0 | -2.5, 0.6 | 0.231 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 59 (18%) | -0.2 | -2.2, 1.8 | 0.871 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 11 (3.3%) | 1.3 | -2.7, 5.2 | 0.529 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 199 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 118 (37%) | -0.7 | -2.2, 0.7 | 0.312 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 260 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.6 | -2.4, 1.2 | 0.525 | -0.6 | -2.5, 1.3 | 0.555 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 266 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 51 (16%) | -0.4 | -2.3, 1.5 | 0.694 | -0.2 | -2.2, 1.8 | 0.860 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 59 (19%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 140 (44%) | 0.4 | -1.5, 2.3 | 0.683 | ||||||
| Other | 118 (37%) | -0.5 | -2.4, 1.5 | 0.647 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 98 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 162 (51%) | 0.1 | -1.5, 1.7 | 0.912 | ||||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.5 | -2.6, 1.5 | 0.614 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 101 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 165 (52%) | -0.2 | -1.8, 1.4 | 0.799 | ||||||
| Other | 51 (16%) | -0.5 | -2.6, 1.6 | 0.642 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 152 (64%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 40 (17%) | 1.3 | -0.9, 3.5 | 0.244 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 46 (19%) | 0.2 | -1.9, 2.3 | 0.831 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 301 | -0.2 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.008 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 97 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 105 (35%) | 1.1 | -0.6, 2.7 | 0.221 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 99 (33%) | -1.9 | -3.6, -0.2 | 0.032 | ||||||
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 335 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.795 | ||||||
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.878 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.863 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 335 | 335 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.092 | 0.091 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.018 | 0.017 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
SRS total score 3Y
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3321 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 332 | 2.1 | -0.9, 5.1 | 0.174 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 69 (21%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 163 (49%) | 1.2 | -2.5, 4.8 | 0.523 | 1.6 | -2.6, 5.7 | 0.462 | 1.5 | -2.6, 5.7 | 0.474 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 100 (30%) | 2.3 | -1.7, 6.3 | 0.254 | 3.0 | -2.3, 8.3 | 0.271 | 2.9 | -2.4, 8.2 | 0.279 |
| Birth length (cm) | 331 | 0.2 | -0.5, 0.8 | 0.629 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 121 (37%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 132 (40%) | -0.3 | -3.5, 2.9 | 0.854 | -1.1 | -4.8, 2.5 | 0.534 | -1.1 | -4.7, 2.5 | 0.538 |
| ≥52 cm | 78 (24%) | 1.1 | -2.6, 4.8 | 0.557 | -1.1 | -6.0, 3.8 | 0.650 | -1.1 | -6.0, 3.8 | 0.664 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 328 | 0.3 | -1.1, 1.6 | 0.692 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 57 (17%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 181 (55%) | 0.6 | -3.2, 4.4 | 0.759 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 90 (27%) | 2.8 | -1.5, 7.1 | 0.195 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 321 | 0.3 | -0.2, 0.8 | 0.189 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 118 (37%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 111 (35%) | -0.9 | -4.2, 2.4 | 0.575 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 92 (29%) | 3.9 | 0.4, 7.3 | 0.029 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 307 | 0.4 | -0.5, 1.3 | 0.367 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 103 (34%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 104 (34%) | -1.8 | -5.2, 1.7 | 0.316 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 100 (33%) | 1.1 | -2.4, 4.6 | 0.522 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 305 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.5 | 0.490 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 94 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 106 (35%) | 0.3 | -3.2, 3.8 | 0.861 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 105 (34%) | 2.3 | -1.3, 5.8 | 0.205 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 177 (53%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 155 (47%) | -0.3 | -3.1, 2.5 | 0.817 | 0.4 | -2.4, 3.3 | 0.762 | 0.5 | -2.4, 3.4 | 0.746 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 90 (27%) | 3.9 | 0.7, 7.1 | 0.018 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 49 (15%) | 3.2 | -0.8, 7.2 | 0.120 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 139 (42%) | 3.7 | 0.8, 6.5 | 0.011 | 4.0 | 1.2, 6.8 | 0.005 | 4.0 | 1.2, 6.8 | 0.005 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 332 | -0.3 | -0.7, 0.1 | 0.105 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.3 | 0.708 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.3 | 0.721 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 331 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.4 | 0.909 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 208 (63%) | 1.2 | -2.9, 5.4 | 0.561 | 2.0 | -2.0, 6.0 | 0.325 | 2.0 | -2.0, 6.0 | 0.329 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 77 (23%) | 1.3 | -3.5, 6.0 | 0.599 | 1.7 | -3.0, 6.3 | 0.474 | 1.7 | -3.0, 6.3 | 0.482 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 151 (45%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 181 (55%) | -4.7 | -7.5, -2.0 | <0.001 | -6.5 | -9.5, -3.6 | <0.001 | -6.5 | -9.5, -3.6 | <0.001 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (7.7%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 113 (35%) | -3.2 | -8.9, 2.4 | 0.263 | -2.0 | -7.4, 3.5 | 0.474 | -2.0 | -7.5, 3.4 | 0.466 |
| 24-47 weeks | 112 (35%) | -3.9 | -9.5, 1.8 | 0.182 | -1.5 | -7.0, 3.9 | 0.582 | -1.6 | -7.0, 3.9 | 0.577 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 74 (23%) | -4.4 | -10.4, 1.5 | 0.143 | -2.8 | -8.5, 2.9 | 0.335 | -2.8 | -8.6, 2.9 | 0.328 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 332 | 0.6 | -0.3, 1.5 | 0.188 | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.4 | 0.388 | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.4 | 0.383 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 278 (84%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | 1.1 | -2.7, 4.8 | 0.583 | -0.4 | -4.2, 3.5 | 0.842 | -0.4 | -4.2, 3.5 | 0.848 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 238 (79%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 49 (16%) | 0.6 | -3.4, 4.5 | 0.784 | -1.7 | -5.8, 2.4 | 0.403 | -1.7 | -5.8, 2.3 | 0.401 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (5.0%) | 6.0 | -0.8, 12.7 | 0.083 | 6.6 | -0.3, 13.5 | 0.059 | 6.7 | -0.2, 13.6 | 0.056 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 211 (72%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 83 (28%) | 0.1 | -3.2, 3.4 | 0.944 | -0.3 | -3.9, 3.3 | 0.865 | -0.3 | -3.9, 3.3 | 0.865 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 228 (69%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 103 (31%) | -0.2 | -3.2, 2.8 | 0.894 | 0.0 | -3.0, 3.0 | 0.989 | 0.0 | -3.0, 3.0 | 0.981 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 303 | -1.3 | -2.3, -0.2 | 0.019 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 303 | -1.8 | -3.5, 0.0 | 0.052 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 303 | -0.8 | -2.5, 0.8 | 0.323 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 303 | -1.2 | -2.6, 0.1 | 0.062 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 303 | -0.8 | -1.3, -0.3 | 0.004 | -0.7 | -1.2, -0.1 | 0.018 | -0.7 | -1.2, -0.1 | 0.018 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 323 | 0.6 | 0.1, 1.1 | 0.012 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 322 | 0.8 | 0.3, 1.3 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 321 | 0.5 | 0.2, 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.6 | 0.3, 1.0 | <0.001 | 0.6 | 0.3, 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 260 | 0.9 | 0.4, 1.4 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 260 | 1.0 | 0.4, 1.5 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 260 | 0.7 | 0.4, 1.0 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 290 (94%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.1%) | -1.0 | -6.9, 4.9 | 0.737 | -0.7 | -7.0, 5.6 | 0.832 | -0.7 | -6.9, 5.6 | 0.833 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 261 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 57 (18%) | -0.1 | -3.8, 3.6 | 0.965 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 257 (77%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 75 (23%) | -0.2 | -3.5, 3.1 | 0.900 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 211 (67%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 106 (33%) | -0.6 | -3.6, 2.4 | 0.689 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 218 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 103 (32%) | -0.7 | -3.7, 2.3 | 0.653 | -1.7 | -5.0, 1.5 | 0.300 | -1.7 | -5.0, 1.6 | 0.306 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 99 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 159 (48%) | -1.1 | -4.3, 2.2 | 0.524 | ||||||
| Drank | 72 (22%) | -1.8 | -5.7, 2.1 | 0.369 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 99 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 159 (48%) | -1.1 | -4.3, 2.2 | 0.524 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 61 (18%) | -2.1 | -6.3, 2.0 | 0.310 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 11 (3.3%) | 0.1 | -8.0, 8.2 | 0.982 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 198 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 117 (37%) | 0.5 | -2.4, 3.5 | 0.736 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 257 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 58 (18%) | -1.4 | -5.1, 2.3 | 0.456 | -0.9 | -4.8, 2.9 | 0.625 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 264 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 51 (16%) | -1.6 | -5.5, 2.2 | 0.407 | -0.9 | -4.8, 3.0 | 0.647 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 57 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 141 (45%) | 4.4 | 0.4, 8.3 | 0.031 | ||||||
| Other | 117 (37%) | 3.6 | -0.5, 7.7 | 0.082 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 96 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 161 (51%) | 1.6 | -1.7, 4.8 | 0.345 | ||||||
| Other | 58 (18%) | -0.4 | -4.6, 3.8 | 0.847 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 99 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 165 (52%) | 1.9 | -1.3, 5.1 | 0.237 | ||||||
| Other | 51 (16%) | -0.4 | -4.8, 3.9 | 0.849 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 151 (64%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 41 (17%) | 3.2 | -1.4, 7.7 | 0.169 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 43 (18%) | 1.4 | -3.0, 5.8 | 0.539 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 299 | -0.3 | -0.6, 0.0 | 0.052 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 97 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 103 (34%) | -4.5 | -8.1, -1.0 | 0.013 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 99 (33%) | -5.0 | -8.6, -1.4 | 0.007 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 332 | 0.3 | 0.0, 0.6 | 0.081 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.2 | -0.1, 0.5 | 0.280 | 0.2 | -0.1, 0.5 | 0.284 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 332 | 332 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.171 | 0.171 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.104 | 0.103 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
BRIEF-P Y3
Inhibit score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3301 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 330 | 0.2 | -1.0, 1.4 | 0.704 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 68 (21%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 161 (49%) | 0.1 | -1.4, 1.5 | 0.931 | -0.5 | -2.2, 1.3 | 0.607 | -0.5 | -2.3, 1.2 | 0.559 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 101 (31%) | 0.0 | -1.6, 1.6 | 0.993 | -1.2 | -3.4, 1.0 | 0.297 | -1.2 | -3.5, 1.0 | 0.272 |
| Birth length (cm) | 329 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.508 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 118 (36%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 131 (40%) | 0.8 | -0.5, 2.1 | 0.230 | 1.1 | -0.5, 2.6 | 0.171 | 1.1 | -0.5, 2.6 | 0.175 |
| ≥52 cm | 80 (24%) | 1.3 | -0.1, 2.8 | 0.074 | 2.0 | 0.0, 4.0 | 0.055 | 2.0 | 0.0, 4.0 | 0.050 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 326 | 0.3 | -0.3, 0.8 | 0.330 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 55 (17%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 179 (55%) | 1.3 | -0.3, 2.8 | 0.114 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 92 (28%) | 2.0 | 0.3, 3.7 | 0.021 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 319 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.4 | 0.065 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 116 (36%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 112 (35%) | 0.6 | -0.7, 2.0 | 0.340 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 91 (29%) | 2.0 | 0.6, 3.4 | 0.005 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 305 | 0.4 | 0.0, 0.7 | 0.034 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 102 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 103 (34%) | 0.1 | -1.3, 1.5 | 0.882 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 100 (33%) | 1.3 | -0.1, 2.7 | 0.073 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 303 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.4 | 0.010 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 93 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 104 (34%) | 1.3 | -0.1, 2.7 | 0.070 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 106 (35%) | 1.9 | 0.5, 3.3 | 0.009 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 175 (53%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 155 (47%) | -1.2 | -2.3, 0.0 | 0.042 | -0.7 | -1.9, 0.5 | 0.237 | -0.7 | -2.0, 0.5 | 0.228 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 190 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 89 (27%) | 0.7 | -0.6, 2.0 | 0.276 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 49 (15%) | 1.0 | -0.6, 2.6 | 0.217 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 190 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 138 (42%) | 0.8 | -0.3, 1.9 | 0.151 | 0.8 | -0.4, 2.0 | 0.189 | 0.8 | -0.4, 1.9 | 0.201 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 330 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.191 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.488 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.473 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 329 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.725 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 208 (63%) | 0.9 | -0.8, 2.5 | 0.309 | 0.8 | -0.8, 2.5 | 0.321 | 0.9 | -0.8, 2.6 | 0.303 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 75 (23%) | 0.7 | -1.2, 2.6 | 0.493 | 0.6 | -1.3, 2.6 | 0.536 | 0.6 | -1.3, 2.5 | 0.545 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 148 (45%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 182 (55%) | -1.0 | -2.1, 0.1 | 0.083 | -1.5 | -2.7, -0.2 | 0.021 | -1.5 | -2.8, -0.3 | 0.018 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 24 (7.5%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 114 (35%) | -0.3 | -2.5, 2.0 | 0.813 | 0.1 | -2.2, 2.4 | 0.936 | 0.1 | -2.2, 2.5 | 0.907 |
| 24-47 weeks | 109 (34%) | -0.3 | -2.5, 2.0 | 0.829 | 0.6 | -1.8, 3.0 | 0.627 | 0.6 | -1.8, 3.0 | 0.602 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 75 (23%) | 0.4 | -2.0, 2.7 | 0.760 | 1.1 | -1.3, 3.5 | 0.382 | 1.1 | -1.4, 3.5 | 0.391 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 330 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.790 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.3 | 0.690 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.4 | 0.738 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 276 (84%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | 0.5 | -1.0, 2.0 | 0.505 | 0.0 | -1.6, 1.7 | 0.958 | 0.1 | -1.5, 1.7 | 0.901 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 236 (79%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 48 (16%) | 0.1 | -1.5, 1.7 | 0.933 | -0.6 | -2.3, 1.0 | 0.461 | -0.6 | -2.3, 1.0 | 0.445 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (5.0%) | 2.2 | -0.4, 4.9 | 0.102 | 1.8 | -1.0, 4.6 | 0.205 | 1.7 | -1.0, 4.5 | 0.218 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 209 (72%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 83 (28%) | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.625 | 0.1 | -1.3, 1.6 | 0.878 | 0.1 | -1.4, 1.5 | 0.915 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 229 (70%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 100 (30%) | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.0 | 0.793 | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.3 | 0.958 | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.3 | 0.965 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 301 | 0.0 | -0.5, 0.4 | 0.880 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 301 | -0.2 | -0.9, 0.5 | 0.614 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 301 | 0.1 | -0.6, 0.7 | 0.861 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 301 | -0.4 | -0.9, 0.1 | 0.144 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 301 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.1 | 0.442 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.538 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.522 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 321 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.4 | 0.069 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 321 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.4 | 0.023 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 320 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.014 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.017 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.019 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 258 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.230 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 258 | 0.3 | 0.1, 0.5 | 0.008 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 258 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.022 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 288 (94%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.2%) | 0.5 | -1.9, 2.9 | 0.680 | -0.1 | -2.7, 2.5 | 0.943 | -0.1 | -2.7, 2.5 | 0.957 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 259 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 57 (18%) | -0.1 | -1.6, 1.4 | 0.914 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 256 (78%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 74 (22%) | 0.2 | -1.1, 1.6 | 0.715 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 209 (66%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 106 (34%) | 0.5 | -0.7, 1.7 | 0.429 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 216 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 103 (32%) | 0.5 | -0.7, 1.7 | 0.411 | 0.3 | -1.1, 1.7 | 0.667 | 0.3 | -1.1, 1.7 | 0.653 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 99 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 157 (48%) | -0.3 | -1.6, 1.0 | 0.639 | ||||||
| Drank | 72 (22%) | -0.9 | -2.5, 0.7 | 0.251 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 99 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 157 (48%) | -0.3 | -1.6, 1.0 | 0.639 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 61 (19%) | -1.0 | -2.6, 0.7 | 0.242 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 11 (3.4%) | -0.6 | -3.8, 2.7 | 0.735 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 194 (62%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 118 (38%) | -0.1 | -1.3, 1.1 | 0.830 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 255 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.6 | -2.1, 0.9 | 0.449 | -0.5 | -2.1, 1.0 | 0.497 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 262 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 50 (16%) | -0.2 | -1.7, 1.4 | 0.823 | 0.0 | -1.7, 1.7 | >0.999 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 56 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 138 (44%) | 1.2 | -0.4, 2.8 | 0.144 | ||||||
| Other | 118 (38%) | 0.7 | -0.9, 2.4 | 0.389 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 160 (51%) | 0.8 | -0.6, 2.1 | 0.258 | ||||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.1 | -1.8, 1.6 | 0.910 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 98 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 164 (53%) | 0.7 | -0.6, 2.0 | 0.320 | ||||||
| Other | 50 (16%) | 0.2 | -1.5, 2.0 | 0.796 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 149 (64%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 41 (18%) | -0.2 | -2.0, 1.6 | 0.829 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 44 (19%) | 0.8 | -0.9, 2.5 | 0.355 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 296 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.295 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 97 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 98 (33%) | -1.4 | -2.8, 0.1 | 0.063 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 101 (34%) | -1.5 | -3.0, -0.1 | 0.034 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 330 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.076 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.119 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.122 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 330 | 330 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.097 | 0.095 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.022 | 0.021 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
Shift score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3381 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 338 | 0.5 | -0.2, 1.2 | 0.178 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 166 (49%) | 0.2 | -0.7, 1.0 | 0.703 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.8 | 0.736 | -0.1 | -1.1, 0.9 | 0.839 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 102 (30%) | 0.6 | -0.3, 1.5 | 0.218 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.629 | 0.4 | -0.9, 1.6 | 0.548 |
| Birth length (cm) | 337 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.399 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 121 (36%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 135 (40%) | 0.4 | -0.4, 1.1 | 0.312 | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.1 | 0.583 | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.1 | 0.602 |
| ≥52 cm | 81 (24%) | 0.3 | -0.5, 1.2 | 0.420 | 0.3 | -0.9, 1.4 | 0.656 | 0.2 | -1.0, 1.4 | 0.735 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 334 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.713 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 58 (17%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 182 (54%) | -0.3 | -1.1, 0.6 | 0.559 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 94 (28%) | 0.4 | -0.5, 1.4 | 0.362 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 327 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.223 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 119 (36%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 116 (35%) | 0.1 | -0.6, 0.8 | 0.781 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 92 (28%) | 0.6 | -0.2, 1.4 | 0.119 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 313 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.1 | 0.566 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 105 (34%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 104 (33%) | -0.4 | -1.2, 0.4 | 0.322 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 104 (33%) | -0.2 | -1.0, 0.6 | 0.641 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 311 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.494 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 95 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 109 (35%) | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.0 | 0.599 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 107 (34%) | 0.3 | -0.5, 1.1 | 0.420 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 181 (54%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 157 (46%) | 0.1 | -0.5, 0.7 | 0.721 | 0.3 | -0.4, 0.9 | 0.467 | 0.2 | -0.5, 0.9 | 0.512 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 195 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 90 (27%) | 0.2 | -0.6, 0.9 | 0.623 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 51 (15%) | 0.4 | -0.5, 1.3 | 0.379 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 195 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 141 (42%) | 0.3 | -0.4, 0.9 | 0.415 | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.1 | 0.223 | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.1 | 0.246 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 338 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.381 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.297 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.283 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 337 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.302 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 213 (63%) | -0.5 | -1.5, 0.4 | 0.257 | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.6 | 0.492 | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.6 | 0.496 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 78 (23%) | -0.6 | -1.7, 0.4 | 0.240 | -0.6 | -1.7, 0.5 | 0.251 | -0.6 | -1.7, 0.5 | 0.275 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 154 (46%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 184 (54%) | -0.5 | -1.2, 0.1 | 0.099 | -0.8 | -1.5, -0.1 | 0.023 | -0.8 | -1.5, -0.1 | 0.026 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 26 (7.9%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 115 (35%) | 0.4 | -0.9, 1.7 | 0.546 | 0.7 | -0.5, 2.0 | 0.266 | 0.7 | -0.5, 2.0 | 0.251 |
| 24-47 weeks | 112 (34%) | 1.1 | -0.2, 2.3 | 0.099 | 1.5 | 0.2, 2.8 | 0.021 | 1.5 | 0.2, 2.8 | 0.021 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 77 (23%) | 0.9 | -0.4, 2.2 | 0.185 | 1.1 | -0.2, 2.5 | 0.094 | 1.2 | -0.2, 2.5 | 0.086 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 338 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.357 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.562 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.610 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 282 (83%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 56 (17%) | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.1 | 0.577 | 0.2 | -0.7, 1.1 | 0.608 | 0.2 | -0.7, 1.1 | 0.659 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 243 (79%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 49 (16%) | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.975 | -0.6 | -1.5, 0.3 | 0.205 | -0.6 | -1.5, 0.3 | 0.218 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (4.9%) | -0.1 | -1.6, 1.4 | 0.902 | 0.0 | -1.7, 1.7 | 0.998 | 0.0 | -1.8, 1.7 | 0.961 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 215 (72%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 84 (28%) | -0.2 | -1.0, 0.5 | 0.562 | -0.4 | -1.3, 0.4 | 0.326 | -0.4 | -1.3, 0.4 | 0.336 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 232 (69%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 105 (31%) | -0.1 | -0.8, 0.6 | 0.756 | -0.1 | -0.8, 0.6 | 0.822 | -0.1 | -0.8, 0.6 | 0.851 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.798 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | -0.3 | -0.7, 0.1 | 0.143 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.711 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.903 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.688 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.983 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | >0.999 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 329 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.009 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 328 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.186 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 327 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.014 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.004 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.002 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 265 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.3 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 265 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.4 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 265 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.2 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 295 (94%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.1%) | -0.6 | -1.9, 0.7 | 0.348 | -0.3 | -2.7, 2.0 | 0.753 | -0.3 | -2.7, 2.0 | 0.751 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 266 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 57 (18%) | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.7 | 0.786 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 262 (78%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 76 (22%) | -0.2 | -0.9, 0.6 | 0.691 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 214 (66%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 108 (34%) | 0.0 | -0.7, 0.6 | 0.921 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 221 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 105 (32%) | 0.0 | -0.7, 0.7 | 0.996 | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.7 | 0.839 | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.7 | 0.778 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 102 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 162 (48%) | -0.4 | -1.2, 0.3 | 0.237 | ||||||
| Drank | 72 (21%) | -0.8 | -1.7, 0.1 | 0.091 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 102 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 162 (48%) | -0.4 | -1.2, 0.3 | 0.237 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 61 (18%) | -0.9 | -1.8, 0.1 | 0.074 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 11 (3.3%) | -0.3 | -2.1, 1.5 | 0.754 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 201 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 119 (37%) | 0.8 | 0.1, 1.4 | 0.020 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 263 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | 0.9 | 0.0, 1.7 | 0.045 | 1.0 | 0.1, 1.9 | 0.027 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 270 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 50 (16%) | 0.7 | -0.2, 1.6 | 0.129 | 0.8 | -0.1, 1.8 | 0.096 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 58 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 143 (45%) | 0.2 | -0.7, 1.1 | 0.620 | ||||||
| Other | 119 (37%) | 0.9 | 0.0, 1.9 | 0.043 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 98 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 165 (52%) | 0.3 | -0.4, 1.0 | 0.411 | ||||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | 1.0 | 0.1, 2.0 | 0.032 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 101 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 169 (53%) | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.1 | 0.308 | ||||||
| Other | 50 (16%) | 0.9 | -0.1, 1.9 | 0.069 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 152 (64%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 41 (17%) | 0.1 | -1.0, 1.1 | 0.902 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 45 (19%) | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.688 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 303 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.338 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 99 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 102 (34%) | -0.9 | -1.7, -0.1 | 0.028 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 102 (34%) | -0.3 | -1.1, 0.5 | 0.437 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 338 | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.324 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.308 | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.291 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 338 | 338 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.098 | 0.092 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.026 | 0.019 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
Emotional control score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3371 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 337 | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.0 | 0.667 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 165 (49%) | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.707 | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.1 | 0.945 | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.2 | 0.972 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 102 (30%) | 0.4 | -0.7, 1.4 | 0.506 | 0.2 | -1.3, 1.7 | 0.817 | 0.2 | -1.3, 1.7 | 0.797 |
| Birth length (cm) | 336 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.763 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 121 (36%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 134 (40%) | 0.3 | -0.6, 1.1 | 0.525 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.706 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.698 |
| ≥52 cm | 81 (24%) | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.3 | 0.463 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.7 | 0.632 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.7 | 0.638 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 333 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.789 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 58 (17%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 182 (55%) | 0.7 | -0.4, 1.7 | 0.204 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 93 (28%) | 0.8 | -0.3, 1.9 | 0.166 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 326 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.502 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 119 (37%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 116 (36%) | 0.4 | -0.5, 1.3 | 0.364 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 91 (28%) | 0.6 | -0.3, 1.6 | 0.192 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 312 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.620 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 105 (34%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 104 (33%) | 0.0 | -1.0, 0.9 | 0.942 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 103 (33%) | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.3 | 0.444 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 310 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.234 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 95 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 108 (35%) | 0.5 | -0.5, 1.4 | 0.337 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 107 (35%) | 0.6 | -0.4, 1.5 | 0.236 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 180 (53%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 157 (47%) | 0.0 | -0.8, 0.7 | 0.925 | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.0 | 0.636 | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.0 | 0.617 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 194 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 90 (27%) | 0.7 | -0.1, 1.6 | 0.098 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 51 (15%) | -0.2 | -1.3, 0.9 | 0.724 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 194 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 141 (42%) | 0.4 | -0.4, 1.1 | 0.300 | 0.4 | -0.4, 1.2 | 0.283 | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.2 | 0.271 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 337 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.048 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.166 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.175 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 336 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.863 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 212 (63%) | 0.5 | -0.6, 1.6 | 0.381 | 0.7 | -0.4, 1.8 | 0.211 | 0.7 | -0.4, 1.8 | 0.223 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 78 (23%) | 0.2 | -1.1, 1.5 | 0.746 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.699 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.701 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 153 (45%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 184 (55%) | -0.9 | -1.6, -0.2 | 0.016 | -1.2 | -2.0, -0.3 | 0.007 | -1.1 | -2.0, -0.3 | 0.008 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 26 (7.9%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 115 (35%) | -0.1 | -1.6, 1.3 | 0.846 | 0.1 | -1.4, 1.6 | 0.927 | 0.0 | -1.5, 1.6 | 0.949 |
| 24-47 weeks | 111 (34%) | 0.5 | -1.0, 2.0 | 0.493 | 1.0 | -0.6, 2.5 | 0.217 | 0.9 | -0.6, 2.5 | 0.228 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 77 (23%) | 0.7 | -0.9, 2.2 | 0.379 | 1.0 | -0.6, 2.6 | 0.218 | 1.0 | -0.6, 2.6 | 0.215 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 337 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.475 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.675 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.703 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 282 (84%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 55 (16%) | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.767 | 0.0 | -1.0, 1.1 | 0.945 | 0.0 | -1.0, 1.1 | 0.978 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 243 (79%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 48 (16%) | -0.1 | -1.2, 0.9 | 0.786 | -0.4 | -1.6, 0.7 | 0.476 | -0.4 | -1.6, 0.8 | 0.488 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (4.9%) | 1.1 | -0.7, 2.9 | 0.236 | 1.3 | -0.6, 3.2 | 0.175 | 1.4 | -0.6, 3.3 | 0.165 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 215 (72%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 84 (28%) | 0.4 | -0.4, 1.3 | 0.305 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.1 | 0.746 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.1 | 0.723 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 232 (69%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 104 (31%) | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.7 | 0.835 | 0.1 | -0.8, 0.9 | 0.849 | 0.1 | -0.8, 0.9 | 0.852 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 308 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.2 | 0.581 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 308 | -0.4 | -0.8, 0.1 | 0.102 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 308 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.5 | 0.667 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 308 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.738 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 308 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.440 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.633 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.640 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 328 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.036 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 328 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.218 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 327 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.037 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.008 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.007 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 265 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.020 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 265 | 0.3 | 0.1, 0.4 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 265 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.2 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 295 (94%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.1%) | 0.0 | -1.6, 1.6 | 0.997 | 0.1 | -2.0, 2.3 | 0.893 | 0.1 | -2.0, 2.2 | 0.901 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 266 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 57 (18%) | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.674 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 261 (77%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 76 (23%) | 0.2 | -0.7, 1.1 | 0.646 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 214 (66%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 108 (34%) | 0.2 | -0.5, 1.0 | 0.544 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 221 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 105 (32%) | 0.3 | -0.5, 1.1 | 0.455 | 0.1 | -0.8, 0.9 | 0.850 | 0.1 | -0.8, 0.9 | 0.849 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 101 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 162 (48%) | 0.1 | -0.8, 0.9 | 0.869 | ||||||
| Drank | 72 (21%) | -0.5 | -1.5, 0.6 | 0.397 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 101 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 162 (48%) | 0.1 | -0.8, 0.9 | 0.869 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 61 (18%) | -0.4 | -1.5, 0.7 | 0.459 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 11 (3.3%) | -0.7 | -2.8, 1.5 | 0.552 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 200 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 119 (37%) | 0.0 | -0.8, 0.8 | 0.961 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 262 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | 0.0 | -1.0, 1.0 | 0.979 | 0.1 | -0.9, 1.2 | 0.809 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 269 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 50 (16%) | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.8 | 0.624 | -0.1 | -1.2, 1.0 | 0.830 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 58 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 142 (45%) | 1.1 | 0.0, 2.2 | 0.046 | ||||||
| Other | 119 (37%) | 0.8 | -0.3, 1.8 | 0.179 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 98 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 164 (51%) | 0.7 | -0.2, 1.6 | 0.115 | ||||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | 0.4 | -0.7, 1.6 | 0.463 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 101 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 168 (53%) | 0.6 | -0.3, 1.5 | 0.182 | ||||||
| Other | 50 (16%) | 0.1 | -1.1, 1.3 | 0.865 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 152 (64%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 41 (17%) | 0.3 | -0.9, 1.5 | 0.629 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 45 (19%) | 0.2 | -0.9, 1.4 | 0.686 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 302 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.006 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 99 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 101 (33%) | -1.3 | -2.3, -0.4 | 0.007 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 102 (34%) | -1.5 | -2.5, -0.6 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 337 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.923 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.802 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.801 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 337 | 337 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.087 | 0.087 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.013 | 0.013 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
Working memory score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3291 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 329 | 0.1 | -0.9, 1.1 | 0.843 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 69 (21%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 162 (49%) | -1.0 | -2.2, 0.2 | 0.114 | -1.4 | -2.9, 0.1 | 0.061 | -1.5 | -2.9, 0.0 | 0.050 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 98 (30%) | -0.5 | -1.8, 0.8 | 0.468 | -0.7 | -2.6, 1.1 | 0.437 | -0.8 | -2.7, 1.1 | 0.400 |
| Birth length (cm) | 328 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.1 | 0.332 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 118 (36%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 131 (40%) | -0.1 | -1.2, 1.0 | 0.848 | -0.2 | -1.5, 1.0 | 0.720 | -0.2 | -1.5, 1.0 | 0.711 |
| ≥52 cm | 79 (24%) | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.1 | 0.808 | -0.5 | -2.2, 1.2 | 0.568 | -0.5 | -2.2, 1.2 | 0.596 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 325 | -0.1 | -0.6, 0.3 | 0.631 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 56 (17%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 177 (54%) | 0.1 | -1.2, 1.5 | 0.831 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 92 (28%) | 0.7 | -0.7, 2.2 | 0.332 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 318 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.648 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 117 (37%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 111 (35%) | -0.8 | -2.0, 0.3 | 0.148 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 90 (28%) | 0.5 | -0.7, 1.7 | 0.404 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 304 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.576 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 102 (34%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 99 (33%) | 0.3 | -0.9, 1.5 | 0.639 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 103 (34%) | 0.6 | -0.6, 1.8 | 0.316 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 302 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.906 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 92 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 107 (35%) | -0.6 | -1.8, 0.5 | 0.289 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 103 (34%) | 0.3 | -0.9, 1.5 | 0.578 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 177 (54%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 152 (46%) | -0.1 | -1.0, 0.9 | 0.908 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.8 | 0.738 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.8 | 0.734 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 192 (59%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 87 (27%) | 0.9 | -0.2, 2.0 | 0.102 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 48 (15%) | 0.7 | -0.7, 2.1 | 0.320 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 192 (59%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 135 (41%) | 0.8 | -0.1, 1.8 | 0.085 | 0.9 | 0.0, 1.9 | 0.061 | 0.9 | 0.0, 1.9 | 0.062 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 329 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.553 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.865 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.856 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 328 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.478 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 207 (63%) | 0.7 | -0.7, 2.1 | 0.341 | 0.9 | -0.5, 2.4 | 0.192 | 1.0 | -0.4, 2.4 | 0.179 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 76 (23%) | -0.3 | -1.9, 1.3 | 0.705 | -0.1 | -1.7, 1.5 | 0.915 | -0.1 | -1.7, 1.5 | 0.902 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 152 (46%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 177 (54%) | -1.2 | -2.1, -0.3 | 0.012 | -1.4 | -2.4, -0.3 | 0.009 | -1.4 | -2.5, -0.4 | 0.007 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (7.8%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 113 (35%) | 0.5 | -1.5, 2.4 | 0.643 | 0.7 | -1.2, 2.7 | 0.460 | 0.7 | -1.2, 2.7 | 0.457 |
| 24-47 weeks | 110 (34%) | 0.5 | -1.4, 2.5 | 0.580 | 1.3 | -0.7, 3.2 | 0.203 | 1.3 | -0.7, 3.2 | 0.197 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 73 (23%) | 0.5 | -1.5, 2.5 | 0.626 | 1.2 | -0.8, 3.2 | 0.232 | 1.2 | -0.8, 3.2 | 0.245 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 329 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.352 | 0.3 | -0.1, 0.6 | 0.112 | 0.3 | -0.1, 0.6 | 0.095 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 274 (83%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 55 (17%) | 0.2 | -1.1, 1.4 | 0.780 | -0.2 | -1.5, 1.1 | 0.781 | -0.1 | -1.5, 1.2 | 0.834 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 235 (79%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 49 (16%) | -0.3 | -1.7, 1.0 | 0.626 | -0.9 | -2.2, 0.4 | 0.171 | -0.9 | -2.3, 0.4 | 0.161 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 14 (4.7%) | 1.4 | -0.9, 3.7 | 0.237 | 1.4 | -1.2, 4.1 | 0.291 | 1.4 | -1.3, 4.1 | 0.305 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 208 (72%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 82 (28%) | -0.8 | -1.8, 0.3 | 0.159 | -0.9 | -2.0, 0.2 | 0.128 | -0.9 | -2.0, 0.2 | 0.119 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 224 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 104 (32%) | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.728 | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.5 | 0.418 | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.5 | 0.426 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 300 | -0.4 | -0.8, -0.1 | 0.017 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 300 | 0.1 | -0.5, 0.7 | 0.704 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 300 | 0.1 | -0.4, 0.7 | 0.596 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 300 | -0.5 | -0.9, -0.1 | 0.024 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 300 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.062 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.1 | 0.211 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.1 | 0.202 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 320 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.110 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 319 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.244 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 318 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.102 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.015 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.019 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 258 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.390 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 258 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.354 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 258 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.279 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 287 (94%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 18 (5.9%) | 0.6 | -1.4, 2.6 | 0.556 | -0.3 | -2.6, 2.1 | 0.806 | -0.3 | -2.6, 2.1 | 0.827 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 259 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 55 (18%) | 1.0 | -0.2, 2.3 | 0.097 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 254 (77%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 75 (23%) | 0.5 | -0.6, 1.6 | 0.377 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 207 (66%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 106 (34%) | 1.1 | 0.1, 2.1 | 0.029 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 214 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 103 (32%) | 1.2 | 0.2, 2.1 | 0.024 | 0.9 | -0.4, 2.1 | 0.177 | 0.9 | -0.4, 2.2 | 0.166 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 100 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 157 (48%) | -0.3 | -1.4, 0.8 | 0.604 | ||||||
| Drank | 70 (21%) | -0.2 | -1.6, 1.1 | 0.738 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 100 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 157 (48%) | -0.3 | -1.4, 0.8 | 0.604 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 61 (19%) | -0.4 | -1.8, 1.0 | 0.552 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 9 (2.8%) | 1.1 | -1.9, 4.1 | 0.475 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 197 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 114 (37%) | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.7 | 0.517 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 256 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 55 (18%) | -1.3 | -2.6, 0.0 | 0.045 | -0.8 | -2.1, 0.6 | 0.263 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 263 (85%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 48 (15%) | -1.0 | -2.3, 0.4 | 0.152 | -0.3 | -1.8, 1.1 | 0.662 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 58 (19%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 139 (45%) | 0.4 | -0.9, 1.8 | 0.528 | ||||||
| Other | 114 (37%) | 0.0 | -1.4, 1.4 | 0.968 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 96 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 160 (51%) | -0.2 | -1.3, 0.9 | 0.726 | ||||||
| Other | 55 (18%) | -1.4 | -2.9, 0.0 | 0.054 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 99 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 164 (53%) | -0.2 | -1.3, 0.9 | 0.701 | ||||||
| Other | 48 (15%) | -1.1 | -2.6, 0.4 | 0.147 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 151 (65%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 39 (17%) | 0.9 | -0.6, 2.5 | 0.246 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 42 (18%) | -0.2 | -1.8, 1.3 | 0.752 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 296 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.289 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 96 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 100 (34%) | -0.5 | -1.8, 0.7 | 0.383 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 100 (34%) | -1.0 | -2.2, 0.3 | 0.120 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 329 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.234 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.232 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.236 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 329 | 329 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.124 | 0.121 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.052 | 0.048 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
Plan/organization score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3351 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 335 | 0.1 | -0.6, 0.7 | 0.866 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 165 (49%) | -0.2 | -0.9, 0.6 | 0.678 | -0.3 | -1.2, 0.6 | 0.536 | -0.3 | -1.2, 0.6 | 0.518 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 100 (30%) | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.8 | 0.893 | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.0 | 0.728 | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.0 | 0.711 |
| Birth length (cm) | 334 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.904 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 121 (36%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 135 (40%) | -0.1 | -0.8, 0.6 | 0.745 | -0.2 | -1.1, 0.6 | 0.557 | -0.2 | -1.0, 0.6 | 0.564 |
| ≥52 cm | 78 (23%) | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.0 | 0.567 | 0.2 | -0.9, 1.3 | 0.767 | 0.2 | -0.9, 1.3 | 0.749 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 331 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.875 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 58 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 181 (55%) | 0.5 | -0.3, 1.4 | 0.201 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 92 (28%) | 0.8 | -0.2, 1.7 | 0.102 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 324 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.882 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 119 (37%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 113 (35%) | -0.5 | -1.2, 0.2 | 0.157 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 92 (28%) | 0.0 | -0.8, 0.8 | 0.985 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 310 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.296 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 105 (34%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 103 (33%) | 0.3 | -0.4, 1.1 | 0.418 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 102 (33%) | 0.3 | -0.5, 1.1 | 0.418 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 308 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.219 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 95 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 108 (35%) | -0.1 | -0.8, 0.7 | 0.844 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 105 (34%) | 0.5 | -0.3, 1.2 | 0.233 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 179 (53%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 156 (47%) | -0.2 | -0.8, 0.4 | 0.416 | -0.2 | -0.8, 0.5 | 0.558 | -0.2 | -0.8, 0.5 | 0.575 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 193 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 89 (27%) | 0.9 | 0.2, 1.6 | 0.008 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 51 (15%) | 0.6 | -0.3, 1.4 | 0.175 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 193 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 140 (42%) | 0.8 | 0.2, 1.4 | 0.008 | 0.9 | 0.3, 1.6 | 0.003 | 0.9 | 0.3, 1.6 | 0.003 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 335 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.209 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.470 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.483 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 334 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.833 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 212 (63%) | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.950 | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.938 | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.947 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 76 (23%) | -0.2 | -1.3, 0.8 | 0.663 | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.8 | 0.613 | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.8 | 0.601 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 153 (46%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 182 (54%) | -0.5 | -1.1, 0.1 | 0.086 | -0.7 | -1.3, 0.0 | 0.050 | -0.7 | -1.3, 0.0 | 0.052 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 26 (8.0%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 114 (35%) | -0.4 | -1.6, 0.8 | 0.509 | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.0 | 0.719 | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.0 | 0.705 |
| 24-47 weeks | 111 (34%) | 0.2 | -1.0, 1.3 | 0.797 | 0.6 | -0.7, 1.9 | 0.369 | 0.6 | -0.7, 1.9 | 0.376 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 76 (23%) | -0.1 | -1.4, 1.1 | 0.838 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.651 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.660 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 335 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.2 | 0.841 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.603 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.598 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 281 (84%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | 0.1 | -0.7, 1.0 | 0.733 | -0.1 | -1.0, 0.8 | 0.804 | -0.1 | -1.0, 0.8 | 0.810 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 241 (79%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 49 (16%) | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.977 | -0.4 | -1.3, 0.5 | 0.351 | -0.4 | -1.3, 0.5 | 0.349 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (4.9%) | 1.6 | 0.1, 3.0 | 0.037 | 1.6 | 0.1, 3.1 | 0.040 | 1.6 | 0.1, 3.1 | 0.038 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 213 (72%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 84 (28%) | -0.3 | -1.0, 0.4 | 0.368 | -0.5 | -1.2, 0.2 | 0.184 | -0.5 | -1.2, 0.2 | 0.187 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 232 (69%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 102 (31%) | 0.1 | -0.5, 0.8 | 0.727 | 0.2 | -0.5, 0.8 | 0.614 | 0.2 | -0.5, 0.8 | 0.622 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 306 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.689 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 306 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.4 | 0.870 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 306 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.5 | 0.533 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 306 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.692 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 306 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.769 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.402 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.403 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 326 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.108 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 325 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.091 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 324 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.042 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.013 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.014 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 263 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.107 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 263 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.373 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 263 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.123 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 293 (94%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.1%) | -0.1 | -1.4, 1.2 | 0.922 | -0.4 | -1.8, 0.9 | 0.539 | -0.4 | -1.8, 0.9 | 0.541 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 264 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 57 (18%) | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.7 | 0.890 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 261 (78%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 74 (22%) | 0.6 | -0.1, 1.3 | 0.120 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 214 (67%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 106 (33%) | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.0 | 0.251 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 221 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 103 (32%) | 0.5 | -0.2, 1.1 | 0.159 | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.2 | 0.255 | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.2 | 0.245 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 101 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 161 (48%) | 0.1 | -0.6, 0.8 | 0.729 | ||||||
| Drank | 71 (21%) | 0.3 | -0.5, 1.2 | 0.460 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 101 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 161 (48%) | 0.1 | -0.6, 0.8 | 0.729 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 60 (18%) | 0.3 | -0.6, 1.2 | 0.564 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 11 (3.3%) | 0.6 | -1.1, 2.4 | 0.481 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 200 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 118 (37%) | -0.2 | -0.9, 0.4 | 0.454 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 261 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.3 | -1.1, 0.5 | 0.466 | -0.2 | -1.1, 0.6 | 0.592 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 268 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 50 (16%) | -0.3 | -1.1, 0.5 | 0.484 | -0.2 | -1.1, 0.6 | 0.597 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 58 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 142 (45%) | 0.6 | -0.3, 1.4 | 0.196 | ||||||
| Other | 118 (37%) | 0.2 | -0.7, 1.0 | 0.726 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 98 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 163 (51%) | 0.1 | -0.6, 0.8 | 0.762 | ||||||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.2 | -1.1, 0.7 | 0.621 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 101 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 167 (53%) | 0.1 | -0.6, 0.8 | 0.743 | ||||||
| Other | 50 (16%) | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.7 | 0.635 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 150 (64%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 41 (17%) | 0.1 | -0.9, 1.1 | 0.823 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 45 (19%) | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.6 | 0.490 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 301 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.157 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 98 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 101 (34%) | -0.6 | -1.4, 0.1 | 0.098 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 102 (34%) | -0.9 | -1.6, -0.1 | 0.027 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 335 | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.208 | ||||||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.311 | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.316 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 335 | 335 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.107 | 0.107 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
IQ Y3
IQ verbal comprehension score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3151 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 315 | -2.0 | -4.8, 0.9 | 0.175 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 63 (20%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 159 (50%) | -0.7 | -4.1, 2.7 | 0.697 | 1.9 | -2.1, 5.9 | 0.357 | 1.7 | -2.3, 5.7 | 0.409 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 93 (30%) | -0.9 | -4.7, 2.8 | 0.619 | 2.1 | -3.1, 7.3 | 0.421 | 2.0 | -3.2, 7.1 | 0.451 |
| Birth length (cm) | 314 | -0.2 | -0.8, 0.4 | 0.532 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 116 (37%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 124 (39%) | -2.0 | -4.9, 1.0 | 0.191 | -2.1 | -5.6, 1.4 | 0.249 | -2.0 | -5.5, 1.5 | 0.264 |
| ≥52 cm | 74 (24%) | -1.1 | -4.5, 2.2 | 0.504 | -0.4 | -5.0, 4.2 | 0.868 | -0.3 | -4.9, 4.4 | 0.907 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 312 | -0.6 | -1.9, 0.6 | 0.316 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 56 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 174 (56%) | -1.3 | -4.7, 2.2 | 0.474 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 82 (26%) | -1.3 | -5.2, 2.6 | 0.512 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 306 | -0.4 | -0.8, 0.1 | 0.109 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 116 (38%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 109 (36%) | -3.4 | -6.4, -0.4 | 0.025 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 81 (26%) | -2.0 | -5.2, 1.3 | 0.232 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 314 | 0.1 | -0.7, 0.9 | 0.858 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 104 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 106 (34%) | -1.5 | -4.6, 1.6 | 0.349 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 104 (33%) | -0.1 | -3.2, 3.1 | 0.957 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 312 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.663 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 109 (35%) | -0.5 | -3.6, 2.7 | 0.774 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 108 (35%) | 1.1 | -2.1, 4.2 | 0.500 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 167 (53%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 148 (47%) | 2.6 | 0.0, 5.1 | 0.046 | 1.5 | -1.3, 4.2 | 0.293 | 1.5 | -1.2, 4.3 | 0.279 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 86 (27%) | -1.3 | -4.3, 1.6 | 0.377 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 45 (14%) | -3.7 | -7.5, 0.1 | 0.055 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 131 (42%) | -2.1 | -4.7, 0.5 | 0.105 | -1.5 | -4.2, 1.1 | 0.255 | -1.5 | -4.2, 1.1 | 0.263 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 315 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.907 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.655 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.666 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 314 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.939 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 198 (63%) | 0.7 | -3.0, 4.5 | 0.709 | 0.8 | -3.0, 4.6 | 0.678 | 0.8 | -3.0, 4.6 | 0.672 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 71 (23%) | 0.9 | -3.4, 5.2 | 0.690 | 1.1 | -3.3, 5.5 | 0.621 | 1.1 | -3.4, 5.5 | 0.637 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 139 (44%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 176 (56%) | -3.3 | -5.8, -0.7 | 0.012 | -3.0 | -5.8, -0.2 | 0.036 | -3.1 | -5.9, -0.3 | 0.031 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (8.1%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 102 (33%) | 0.7 | -4.3, 5.8 | 0.779 | -0.7 | -5.8, 4.5 | 0.802 | -0.7 | -5.9, 4.5 | 0.787 |
| 24-47 weeks | 108 (35%) | 2.4 | -2.7, 7.4 | 0.353 | 1.0 | -4.1, 6.1 | 0.692 | 1.0 | -4.1, 6.1 | 0.701 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 72 (23%) | 4.3 | -1.0, 9.5 | 0.112 | 4.3 | -1.1, 9.6 | 0.117 | 4.2 | -1.1, 9.5 | 0.123 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 315 | -0.3 | -1.2, 0.5 | 0.451 | -0.4 | -1.4, 0.6 | 0.418 | -0.4 | -1.4, 0.6 | 0.445 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 263 (83%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 52 (17%) | -0.2 | -3.7, 3.2 | 0.887 | -1.2 | -4.8, 2.4 | 0.507 | -1.2 | -4.7, 2.4 | 0.525 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 232 (80%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 45 (16%) | 1.0 | -2.7, 4.7 | 0.593 | 1.3 | -2.7, 5.3 | 0.514 | 1.3 | -2.7, 5.2 | 0.528 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.5%) | -7.6 | -14.0, -1.2 | 0.021 | -6.0 | -12.5, 0.5 | 0.069 | -5.9 | -12.4, 0.6 | 0.075 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 203 (73%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 77 (28%) | 0.3 | -2.7, 3.3 | 0.850 | 0.5 | -2.8, 3.7 | 0.779 | 0.5 | -2.7, 3.7 | 0.765 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 212 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 102 (32%) | -0.8 | -3.6, 1.9 | 0.546 | -0.7 | -3.5, 2.1 | 0.631 | -0.7 | -3.5, 2.1 | 0.630 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 1.8 | 0.9, 2.8 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 1.1 | -0.6, 2.7 | 0.199 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 1.9 | 0.5, 3.4 | 0.011 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.1 | 0.944 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.8 | 0.3, 1.2 | 0.002 | 0.6 | 0.1, 1.1 | 0.021 | 0.6 | 0.1, 1.1 | 0.022 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 308 | -0.3 | -0.8, 0.1 | 0.161 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 307 | -0.2 | -0.7, 0.3 | 0.342 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 306 | -0.2 | -0.5, 0.1 | 0.176 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.2 | 0.335 | -0.2 | -0.5, 0.1 | 0.285 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 254 | -0.4 | -0.9, 0.0 | 0.078 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 254 | -0.3 | -0.8, 0.2 | 0.293 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 254 | -0.3 | -0.6, 0.0 | 0.086 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 272 (93%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.5%) | -0.7 | -6.1, 4.8 | 0.807 | 1.3 | -4.9, 7.5 | 0.681 | 1.3 | -4.9, 7.5 | 0.681 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 248 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 54 (18%) | -1.5 | -4.8, 1.9 | 0.389 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 240 (76%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 75 (24%) | -1.4 | -4.4, 1.6 | 0.370 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 198 (66%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 103 (34%) | -1.6 | -4.4, 1.2 | 0.256 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 205 (67%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 100 (33%) | -1.2 | -3.9, 1.6 | 0.407 | -0.5 | -3.5, 2.6 | 0.763 | -0.4 | -3.5, 2.7 | 0.792 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 151 (48%) | 1.7 | -1.3, 4.6 | 0.267 | ||||||
| Drank | 67 (21%) | -1.9 | -5.5, 1.7 | 0.293 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 151 (48%) | 1.7 | -1.3, 4.6 | 0.266 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 58 (19%) | -1.3 | -5.1, 2.4 | 0.487 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 9 (2.9%) | -5.8 | -13.7, 2.1 | 0.149 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 183 (61%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 116 (39%) | -1.3 | -4.0, 1.3 | 0.328 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 246 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -3.0 | -6.4, 0.4 | 0.081 | -2.6 | -6.3, 1.1 | 0.166 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 251 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 48 (16%) | -2.7 | -6.2, 0.9 | 0.143 | -2.1 | -5.9, 1.6 | 0.269 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 53 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 130 (43%) | 1.4 | -2.3, 5.1 | 0.456 | ||||||
| Other | 116 (39%) | -0.3 | -4.1, 3.4 | 0.858 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 94 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 152 (51%) | -0.8 | -3.7, 2.2 | 0.609 | ||||||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -3.5 | -7.4, 0.4 | 0.076 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 96 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 155 (52%) | -0.8 | -3.8, 2.1 | 0.579 | ||||||
| Other | 48 (16%) | -3.2 | -7.2, 0.8 | 0.120 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 142 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 39 (17%) | 1.0 | -3.3, 5.2 | 0.652 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 43 (19%) | -2.3 | -6.3, 1.8 | 0.277 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 283 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.507 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 90 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 94 (33%) | 1.0 | -2.4, 4.3 | 0.564 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 99 (35%) | -0.7 | -4.0, 2.6 | 0.686 | ||||||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 315 | 0.3 | 0.0, 0.6 | 0.065 | ||||||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 0.3 | 0.0, 0.6 | 0.082 | 0.3 | 0.0, 0.6 | 0.082 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 315 | 315 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.124 | 0.121 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.048 | 0.045 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
IQ visuospacial score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3151 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 315 | 0.7 | -2.0, 3.4 | 0.618 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 63 (20%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 159 (50%) | 1.3 | -2.0, 4.5 | 0.452 | 0.6 | -3.4, 4.6 | 0.786 | 0.3 | -3.7, 4.3 | 0.895 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 93 (30%) | 0.9 | -2.7, 4.5 | 0.611 | 0.0 | -5.1, 5.1 | 0.990 | -0.2 | -5.3, 5.0 | 0.952 |
| Birth length (cm) | 314 | 0.2 | -0.4, 0.8 | 0.503 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 116 (37%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 124 (39%) | 0.9 | -1.9, 3.8 | 0.511 | 0.4 | -3.0, 3.9 | 0.808 | 0.5 | -3.0, 4.0 | 0.776 |
| ≥52 cm | 74 (24%) | 0.3 | -2.9, 3.6 | 0.839 | 0.3 | -4.2, 4.9 | 0.883 | 0.5 | -4.1, 5.1 | 0.836 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 312 | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.3 | 0.947 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 56 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 174 (56%) | 0.3 | -3.1, 3.7 | 0.870 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 82 (26%) | -0.2 | -4.0, 3.6 | 0.921 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 306 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.4 | 0.975 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 116 (38%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 109 (36%) | -1.9 | -4.8, 1.0 | 0.206 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 81 (26%) | -1.0 | -4.2, 2.1 | 0.520 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 314 | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.0 | 0.623 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 104 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 106 (34%) | -0.6 | -3.7, 2.4 | 0.675 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 104 (33%) | -0.7 | -3.7, 2.4 | 0.669 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 312 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.902 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 109 (35%) | -1.0 | -4.1, 2.1 | 0.532 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 108 (35%) | 0.2 | -2.9, 3.3 | 0.913 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 167 (53%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 148 (47%) | 0.5 | -2.0, 2.9 | 0.708 | 0.1 | -2.6, 2.9 | 0.934 | 0.2 | -2.6, 2.9 | 0.907 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 86 (27%) | 0.8 | -2.0, 3.7 | 0.562 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 45 (14%) | 0.2 | -3.5, 3.8 | 0.926 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 131 (42%) | 0.6 | -1.9, 3.1 | 0.630 | 1.2 | -1.4, 3.8 | 0.363 | 1.2 | -1.4, 3.9 | 0.357 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 315 | 0.2 | -0.2, 0.5 | 0.349 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.649 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.665 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 314 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.646 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 198 (63%) | 0.9 | -2.7, 4.5 | 0.622 | 0.5 | -3.2, 4.3 | 0.772 | 0.6 | -3.2, 4.3 | 0.764 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 71 (23%) | 1.7 | -2.5, 5.9 | 0.429 | 1.6 | -2.7, 6.0 | 0.464 | 1.6 | -2.8, 5.9 | 0.483 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 139 (44%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 176 (56%) | 2.6 | 0.1, 5.0 | 0.041 | 2.4 | -0.4, 5.2 | 0.089 | 2.3 | -0.5, 5.1 | 0.104 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (8.1%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 102 (33%) | 3.6 | -1.2, 8.4 | 0.138 | 3.3 | -1.7, 8.3 | 0.200 | 3.2 | -1.8, 8.2 | 0.210 |
| 24-47 weeks | 108 (35%) | 5.3 | 0.5, 10.0 | 0.030 | 5.1 | 0.0, 10.1 | 0.048 | 5.0 | 0.0, 10.1 | 0.050 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 72 (23%) | 6.1 | 1.1, 11.1 | 0.016 | 6.7 | 1.5, 11.9 | 0.011 | 6.7 | 1.4, 11.9 | 0.013 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 315 | 0.0 | -0.8, 0.8 | 0.948 | 0.0 | -1.0, 1.0 | 0.982 | 0.0 | -0.9, 1.0 | 0.928 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 263 (83%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 52 (17%) | -2.3 | -5.6, 1.1 | 0.182 | -2.4 | -6.0, 1.1 | 0.176 | -2.4 | -5.9, 1.2 | 0.190 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 232 (80%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 45 (16%) | -0.8 | -4.4, 2.9 | 0.672 | -0.4 | -3.8, 3.1 | 0.840 | -0.4 | -3.9, 3.1 | 0.814 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.5%) | -3.0 | -9.3, 3.4 | 0.357 | -2.2 | -8.8, 4.3 | 0.501 | -2.1 | -8.6, 4.4 | 0.525 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 203 (73%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 77 (28%) | -1.4 | -4.4, 1.5 | 0.339 | -1.6 | -4.7, 1.4 | 0.297 | -1.6 | -4.7, 1.5 | 0.312 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 212 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 102 (32%) | 1.6 | -1.0, 4.2 | 0.225 | 1.7 | -1.2, 4.5 | 0.248 | 1.7 | -1.2, 4.5 | 0.250 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.7 | -0.2, 1.6 | 0.117 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | -0.2 | -1.8, 1.4 | 0.799 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.0 | -1.4, 1.4 | 0.989 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.5 | -0.6, 1.7 | 0.358 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.3 | -0.2, 0.7 | 0.274 | 0.4 | -0.2, 0.9 | 0.171 | 0.4 | -0.2, 0.9 | 0.178 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 308 | -0.4 | -0.9, 0.0 | 0.048 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 307 | 0.3 | -0.1, 0.8 | 0.167 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 306 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.707 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.853 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.751 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 254 | -0.4 | -0.8, 0.1 | 0.127 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 254 | 0.5 | 0.0, 1.0 | 0.068 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 254 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.917 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 272 (93%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.5%) | -2.0 | -7.2, 3.2 | 0.453 | -1.6 | -7.0, 3.7 | 0.552 | -1.6 | -7.0, 3.7 | 0.551 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 248 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 54 (18%) | -1.5 | -4.8, 1.8 | 0.370 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 240 (76%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 75 (24%) | -1.2 | -4.1, 1.7 | 0.431 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 198 (66%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 103 (34%) | -1.5 | -4.2, 1.2 | 0.270 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 205 (67%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 100 (33%) | -0.9 | -3.6, 1.8 | 0.522 | -0.6 | -3.5, 2.3 | 0.678 | -0.5 | -3.4, 2.3 | 0.715 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 151 (48%) | -1.0 | -3.9, 1.9 | 0.483 | ||||||
| Drank | 67 (21%) | -0.1 | -3.6, 3.5 | 0.977 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 151 (48%) | -1.0 | -3.9, 1.8 | 0.482 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 58 (19%) | 0.8 | -2.9, 4.4 | 0.682 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 9 (2.9%) | -5.3 | -12.9, 2.4 | 0.175 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 183 (61%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 116 (39%) | 1.1 | -1.6, 3.7 | 0.425 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 246 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -1.8 | -5.2, 1.5 | 0.286 | -3.4 | -6.9, 0.1 | 0.058 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 251 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 48 (16%) | -1.4 | -4.9, 2.1 | 0.447 | -2.7 | -6.3, 1.0 | 0.148 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 53 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 130 (43%) | -0.7 | -4.3, 3.0 | 0.714 | ||||||
| Other | 116 (39%) | 0.6 | -3.1, 4.3 | 0.753 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 94 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 152 (51%) | -1.5 | -4.4, 1.4 | 0.301 | ||||||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -2.8 | -6.6, 1.0 | 0.153 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 96 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 155 (52%) | -1.8 | -4.6, 1.1 | 0.233 | ||||||
| Other | 48 (16%) | -2.4 | -6.4, 1.5 | 0.223 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 142 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 39 (17%) | -1.5 | -5.5, 2.5 | 0.454 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 43 (19%) | -2.7 | -6.5, 1.1 | 0.166 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 283 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.4 | 0.343 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 90 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 94 (33%) | 0.4 | -2.7, 3.6 | 0.782 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 99 (35%) | 0.9 | -2.2, 4.0 | 0.576 | ||||||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 315 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.862 | ||||||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.939 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.940 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 315 | 315 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.078 | 0.073 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | ||||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
IQ work memory score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3151 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 315 | -1.6 | -4.3, 1.2 | 0.258 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 63 (20%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 159 (50%) | 0.8 | -2.4, 4.1 | 0.610 | 0.3 | -3.6, 4.3 | 0.875 | 0.1 | -3.9, 4.0 | 0.974 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 93 (30%) | -1.4 | -4.9, 2.1 | 0.441 | -2.2 | -7.2, 2.8 | 0.390 | -2.4 | -7.4, 2.7 | 0.354 |
| Birth length (cm) | 314 | -0.1 | -0.6, 0.5 | 0.785 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 116 (37%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 124 (39%) | 0.0 | -2.9, 2.8 | 0.973 | 0.3 | -3.1, 3.7 | 0.846 | 0.4 | -3.0, 3.8 | 0.822 |
| ≥52 cm | 74 (24%) | -1.3 | -4.6, 1.9 | 0.415 | 0.0 | -4.5, 4.5 | 0.998 | 0.1 | -4.4, 4.6 | 0.959 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 312 | -1.6 | -2.8, -0.4 | 0.008 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 56 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 174 (56%) | -2.6 | -5.9, 0.7 | 0.116 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 82 (26%) | -5.0 | -8.7, -1.3 | 0.009 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 306 | -0.4 | -0.8, 0.0 | 0.080 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 116 (38%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 109 (36%) | -2.8 | -5.7, 0.1 | 0.055 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 81 (26%) | -2.8 | -5.9, 0.3 | 0.078 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 314 | -0.9 | -1.6, -0.1 | 0.025 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 104 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 106 (34%) | -0.9 | -3.9, 2.1 | 0.563 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 104 (33%) | -2.5 | -5.5, 0.5 | 0.098 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 312 | -0.3 | -0.6, 0.1 | 0.109 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 109 (35%) | -2.7 | -5.7, 0.4 | 0.084 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 108 (35%) | -2.0 | -5.1, 1.0 | 0.193 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 167 (53%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 148 (47%) | 1.7 | -0.7, 4.2 | 0.169 | 1.3 | -1.4, 4.0 | 0.353 | 1.3 | -1.4, 4.0 | 0.341 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 86 (27%) | 0.5 | -2.4, 3.3 | 0.746 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 45 (14%) | -0.8 | -4.4, 2.8 | 0.674 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 131 (42%) | 0.0 | -2.5, 2.5 | 0.974 | 0.2 | -2.4, 2.8 | 0.886 | 0.2 | -2.4, 2.8 | 0.884 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 315 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.2 | 0.362 | -0.2 | -0.6, 0.1 | 0.239 | -0.2 | -0.6, 0.1 | 0.231 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 314 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.870 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 198 (63%) | -2.1 | -5.7, 1.4 | 0.240 | -3.0 | -6.7, 0.7 | 0.111 | -2.9 | -6.6, 0.7 | 0.117 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 71 (23%) | -1.1 | -5.2, 3.0 | 0.597 | -1.6 | -5.8, 2.7 | 0.477 | -1.6 | -5.9, 2.7 | 0.464 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 139 (44%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 176 (56%) | 1.7 | -0.7, 4.2 | 0.167 | 2.9 | 0.2, 5.7 | 0.036 | 2.8 | 0.1, 5.6 | 0.044 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (8.1%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 102 (33%) | 0.7 | -4.1, 5.5 | 0.779 | 0.8 | -4.3, 5.8 | 0.767 | 0.7 | -4.3, 5.7 | 0.782 |
| 24-47 weeks | 108 (35%) | 0.1 | -4.7, 4.9 | 0.970 | -0.6 | -5.6, 4.3 | 0.804 | -0.7 | -5.6, 4.3 | 0.796 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 72 (23%) | 4.0 | -1.0, 9.0 | 0.117 | 4.2 | -1.0, 9.3 | 0.112 | 4.1 | -1.1, 9.2 | 0.120 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 315 | 0.0 | -0.8, 0.8 | 0.970 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.1 | 0.731 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.681 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 263 (83%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 52 (17%) | -1.3 | -4.6, 2.0 | 0.447 | -0.5 | -3.9, 3.0 | 0.795 | -0.4 | -3.9, 3.1 | 0.828 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 232 (80%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 45 (16%) | -1.7 | -5.2, 1.8 | 0.349 | -0.5 | -4.0, 3.0 | 0.775 | -0.6 | -4.1, 3.0 | 0.754 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.5%) | -4.2 | -10.3, 1.9 | 0.176 | -3.7 | -10.3, 2.9 | 0.269 | -3.6 | -10.3, 3.0 | 0.281 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 203 (73%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 77 (28%) | -0.8 | -3.7, 2.1 | 0.600 | -0.7 | -3.8, 2.3 | 0.636 | -0.7 | -3.8, 2.4 | 0.643 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 212 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 102 (32%) | 0.9 | -1.7, 3.5 | 0.506 | 1.0 | -1.8, 3.8 | 0.469 | 1.0 | -1.8, 3.8 | 0.467 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.3 | -0.7, 1.2 | 0.580 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 1.4 | -0.1, 3.0 | 0.071 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.8 | -0.6, 2.2 | 0.248 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | -0.3 | -1.4, 0.8 | 0.591 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.2 | -0.2, 0.7 | 0.328 | 0.3 | -0.2, 0.8 | 0.220 | 0.3 | -0.2, 0.8 | 0.228 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 308 | -0.3 | -0.7, 0.1 | 0.158 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 307 | -0.1 | -0.6, 0.3 | 0.619 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 306 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.1 | 0.279 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.2 | 0.360 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.1 | 0.303 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 254 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.4 | 0.782 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 254 | 0.0 | -0.5, 0.5 | 0.977 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 254 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.850 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 272 (93%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.5%) | -4.8 | -9.9, 0.3 | 0.062 | -3.8 | -9.3, 1.6 | 0.166 | -3.9 | -9.3, 1.6 | 0.166 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 248 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 54 (18%) | -1.3 | -4.6, 1.9 | 0.430 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 240 (76%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 75 (24%) | -2.2 | -5.0, 0.7 | 0.139 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 198 (66%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 103 (34%) | -1.5 | -4.1, 1.1 | 0.254 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 205 (67%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 100 (33%) | -1.0 | -3.6, 1.7 | 0.468 | 0.2 | -2.7, 3.1 | 0.910 | 0.2 | -2.7, 3.1 | 0.881 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 151 (48%) | -0.4 | -3.2, 2.5 | 0.800 | ||||||
| Drank | 67 (21%) | -0.9 | -4.4, 2.6 | 0.613 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 151 (48%) | -0.4 | -3.2, 2.5 | 0.800 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 58 (19%) | -0.5 | -4.2, 3.1 | 0.769 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 9 (2.9%) | -3.1 | -10.7, 4.5 | 0.416 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 183 (61%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 116 (39%) | -0.6 | -3.2, 1.9 | 0.634 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 246 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -1.6 | -4.9, 1.6 | 0.326 | -2.8 | -6.3, 0.7 | 0.117 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 251 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 48 (16%) | -1.0 | -4.4, 2.4 | 0.563 | -2.0 | -5.8, 1.8 | 0.294 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 53 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 130 (43%) | -1.0 | -4.5, 2.5 | 0.581 | ||||||
| Other | 116 (39%) | -1.3 | -4.9, 2.3 | 0.468 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 94 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 152 (51%) | -1.3 | -4.1, 1.6 | 0.383 | ||||||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -2.4 | -6.1, 1.3 | 0.202 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 96 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 155 (52%) | -1.4 | -4.2, 1.4 | 0.314 | ||||||
| Other | 48 (16%) | -1.9 | -5.7, 1.9 | 0.331 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 142 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 39 (17%) | -0.8 | -4.7, 3.1 | 0.678 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 43 (19%) | 1.0 | -2.7, 4.7 | 0.599 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 283 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.532 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 90 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 94 (33%) | 1.2 | -1.9, 4.4 | 0.439 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 99 (35%) | 0.7 | -2.4, 3.9 | 0.641 | ||||||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 315 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.493 | ||||||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.665 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.663 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 315 | 315 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.088 | 0.085 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.008 | |||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
IQ total score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model test 1 | Multivariate model test 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3151 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight (Kg) | 315 | -1.0 | -3.8, 1.8 | 0.490 | ||||||
| Birth weight | ||||||||||
| <3 Kg | 63 (20%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 159 (50%) | 0.5 | -2.8, 3.8 | 0.781 | 1.2 | -2.8, 5.2 | 0.552 | 0.9 | -3.1, 4.9 | 0.675 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 93 (30%) | -0.3 | -4.0, 3.3 | 0.854 | 0.3 | -4.8, 5.5 | 0.896 | 0.1 | -5.0, 5.2 | 0.970 |
| Birth length (cm) | 314 | 0.0 | -0.6, 0.6 | 0.968 | ||||||
| Birth length | ||||||||||
| <50 cm | 116 (37%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 50-51 cm | 124 (39%) | -0.3 | -3.1, 2.6 | 0.858 | -0.2 | -3.7, 3.2 | 0.888 | -0.2 | -3.6, 3.3 | 0.928 |
| ≥52 cm | 74 (24%) | -0.6 | -3.9, 2.7 | 0.731 | 0.4 | -4.2, 5.0 | 0.861 | 0.6 | -4.1, 5.2 | 0.803 |
| Weight at one year (Kg) | 312 | -0.8 | -2.1, 0.4 | 0.188 | ||||||
| Weight at one year | ||||||||||
| <8.5 Kg | 56 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| 8.5-9.9 Kg | 174 (56%) | -1.6 | -5.0, 1.8 | 0.358 | ||||||
| ≥10 Kg | 82 (26%) | -2.6 | -6.5, 1.2 | 0.182 | ||||||
| Length at one year (cm) | 306 | -0.3 | -0.8, 0.1 | 0.141 | ||||||
| Length at one year | ||||||||||
| <75 cm | 116 (38%) | — | — | |||||||
| 75-77.9 cm | 109 (36%) | -3.6 | -6.6, -0.7 | 0.016 | ||||||
| ≥78 cm | 81 (26%) | -2.6 | -5.8, 0.6 | 0.107 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years (Kg) | 314 | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.6 | 0.716 | ||||||
| Weight at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 9-13 Kg | 104 (33%) | — | — | |||||||
| 14 Kg | 106 (34%) | -1.6 | -4.6, 1.5 | 0.320 | ||||||
| 15-20 Kg | 104 (33%) | -1.1 | -4.2, 2.0 | 0.485 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years (cm) | 312 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.729 | ||||||
| Length at 3 years | ||||||||||
| 81-93 cm | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| 94-95 cm | 109 (35%) | -1.6 | -4.7, 1.6 | 0.324 | ||||||
| 96-106 cm | 108 (35%) | -0.1 | -3.2, 3.1 | 0.963 | ||||||
| Child sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 167 (53%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Female | 148 (47%) | 2.1 | -0.4, 4.6 | 0.099 | 1.4 | -1.4, 4.1 | 0.319 | 1.5 | -1.3, 4.2 | 0.301 |
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 86 (27%) | 0.7 | -2.2, 3.6 | 0.643 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 45 (14%) | -1.5 | -5.3, 2.2 | 0.412 | ||||||
| Maternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <5 years after graduation | 131 (42%) | -0.1 | -2.6, 2.5 | 0.951 | 0.7 | -2.0, 3.3 | 0.606 | 0.7 | -1.9, 3.4 | 0.600 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 315 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.805 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.829 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.852 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | 314 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.828 | ||||||
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | ||||||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 198 (63%) | 0.5 | -3.1, 4.2 | 0.779 | 0.0 | -3.7, 3.8 | 0.991 | 0.1 | -3.7, 3.8 | 0.975 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 71 (23%) | 1.3 | -3.0, 5.5 | 0.560 | 1.0 | -3.3, 5.4 | 0.643 | 0.9 | -3.4, 5.3 | 0.670 |
| Maternal parity | ||||||||||
| None | 139 (44%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1 child or more | 176 (56%) | 0.3 | -2.2, 2.8 | 0.799 | 0.8 | -2.0, 3.6 | 0.583 | 0.6 | -2.2, 3.4 | 0.657 |
| Breastfeeding duration | ||||||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (8.1%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| <24 weeks | 102 (33%) | 2.3 | -2.6, 7.3 | 0.358 | 1.6 | -3.4, 6.7 | 0.526 | 1.6 | -3.5, 6.7 | 0.545 |
| 24-47 weeks | 108 (35%) | 3.8 | -1.1, 8.7 | 0.129 | 3.0 | -2.0, 8.1 | 0.235 | 3.0 | -2.0, 8.0 | 0.243 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 72 (23%) | 5.9 | 0.7, 11.0 | 0.026 | 6.3 | 1.1, 11.6 | 0.018 | 6.2 | 1.0, 11.5 | 0.021 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 315 | -0.2 | -1.0, 0.7 | 0.703 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.8 | 0.661 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.8 | 0.730 |
| Delivery mode | ||||||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 263 (83%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| C-section | 52 (17%) | -1.6 | -5.0, 1.7 | 0.343 | -1.8 | -5.3, 1.7 | 0.316 | -1.7 | -5.3, 1.9 | 0.345 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 232 (80%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 45 (16%) | -0.4 | -4.0, 3.2 | 0.845 | 0.3 | -3.3, 4.0 | 0.861 | 0.3 | -3.4, 4.0 | 0.893 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.5%) | -6.9 | -13.2, -0.6 | 0.031 | -5.4 | -12.2, 1.4 | 0.120 | -5.2 | -12.1, 1.6 | 0.130 |
| Presence of pets | ||||||||||
| No | 203 (73%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| One or more | 77 (28%) | -0.9 | -3.8, 2.1 | 0.566 | -0.8 | -4.0, 2.3 | 0.597 | -0.8 | -4.0, 2.4 | 0.614 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | ||||||||||
| No | 212 (68%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 102 (32%) | 0.5 | -2.1, 3.2 | 0.691 | 0.7 | -2.1, 3.5 | 0.637 | 0.7 | -2.1, 3.5 | 0.638 |
| Learning materials score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 1.5 | 0.5, 2.4 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Language stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.8 | -0.8, 2.3 | 0.337 | ||||||
| Academic stimulation score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 1.3 | -0.1, 2.7 | 0.077 | ||||||
| Variety score at 3 years of age (HOME questionnaire) | 309 | 0.3 | -0.9, 1.4 | 0.650 | ||||||
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.6 | 0.2, 1.1 | 0.009 | 0.6 | 0.1, 1.1 | 0.017 | 0.6 | 0.1, 1.1 | 0.019 |
| Maternal anxiety score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 308 | -0.5 | -1.0, -0.1 | 0.015 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 307 | 0.1 | -0.4, 0.5 | 0.828 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 306 | -0.2 | -0.5, 0.1 | 0.187 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.2 | 0.364 | -0.2 | -0.5, 0.1 | 0.280 |
| Maternal anxiety score when child is one year old | 254 | -0.4 | -0.9, 0.0 | 0.076 | ||||||
| Maternal depression score when child is one year old | 254 | 0.1 | -0.4, 0.6 | 0.607 | ||||||
| Maternal anxiety and depression score when child is one year old | 254 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.2 | 0.419 | ||||||
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 272 (93%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 19 (6.5%) | -3.0 | -8.3, 2.2 | 0.257 | -1.8 | -7.2, 3.6 | 0.522 | -1.8 | -7.2, 3.6 | 0.522 |
| Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| No | 248 (82%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 54 (18%) | -2.1 | -5.4, 1.2 | 0.220 | ||||||
| Child passive smoking during the first year of life | ||||||||||
| No | 240 (76%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 75 (24%) | -2.0 | -5.0, 0.9 | 0.175 | ||||||
| Child perinatal exposure to tabacco up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 198 (66%) | — | — | |||||||
| Yes | 103 (34%) | -1.9 | -4.6, 0.8 | 0.158 | ||||||
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | ||||||||||
| No | 205 (67%) | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 100 (33%) | -1.3 | -4.0, 1.5 | 0.362 | -0.5 | -3.4, 2.4 | 0.731 | -0.4 | -3.3, 2.5 | 0.774 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 151 (48%) | 0.6 | -2.3, 3.5 | 0.697 | ||||||
| Drank | 67 (21%) | -0.8 | -4.4, 2.7 | 0.641 | ||||||
| Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Did not drink | 95 (30%) | — | — | |||||||
| Drank only before finding out she was pregnant | 151 (48%) | 0.6 | -2.3, 3.5 | 0.696 | ||||||
| <1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 58 (19%) | 0.2 | -3.5, 3.9 | 0.933 | ||||||
| >1drink/month when she knew she was pregnant | 9 (2.9%) | -7.3 | -15.1, 0.4 | 0.064 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 183 (61%) | — | — | |||||||
| Other | 116 (39%) | -0.1 | -2.7, 2.6 | 0.954 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 246 (82%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -3.1 | -6.5, 0.2 | 0.068 | -4.2 | -7.8, -0.7 | 0.020 | |||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 251 (84%) | — | — | — | — | |||||
| Other | 48 (16%) | -2.5 | -6.0, 1.0 | 0.165 | -3.2 | -6.9, 0.5 | 0.086 | |||
| Main mode of child care at 6 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 53 (18%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 130 (43%) | 0.3 | -3.3, 3.9 | 0.878 | ||||||
| Other | 116 (39%) | 0.1 | -3.6, 3.8 | 0.947 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (3 categories, optimized 2) | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 94 (31%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 152 (51%) | -1.5 | -4.4, 1.4 | 0.300 | ||||||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -4.1 | -7.9, -0.3 | 0.036 | ||||||
| Main mode of child care up to 1 year | ||||||||||
| Collective day care | 96 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| Nursery assistant (out child home) | 155 (52%) | -1.7 | -4.6, 1.1 | 0.236 | ||||||
| Other | 48 (16%) | -3.5 | -7.5, 0.4 | 0.076 | ||||||
| Paternal education | ||||||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 142 (63%) | — | — | |||||||
| 3-4 years after graduation | 39 (17%) | -0.3 | -4.4, 3.8 | 0.883 | ||||||
| 2 years or less after graduation | 43 (19%) | -2.6 | -6.5, 1.4 | 0.202 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth (years) | 283 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.509 | ||||||
| Paternal age at child birth | ||||||||||
| 23-31 years | 90 (32%) | — | — | |||||||
| 32-36 years | 94 (33%) | 1.2 | -2.0, 4.3 | 0.475 | ||||||
| 37-72 years | 99 (35%) | 0.0 | -3.2, 3.1 | 0.995 | ||||||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 315 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.4 | 0.323 | ||||||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.499 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.499 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 315 | 315 | ||||||||
| R² | 0.099 | 0.091 | ||||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.020 | 0.011 | ||||||||
| 1 N; n (%) | ||||||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||||
Part 3: Main analysis
Final covariates
Justification du choix des covariables inclues dans le modèle et leur codage :
Age de l’enfant lors du test de neurodeveloppement :
Distribution : ok (Table 6, Figure 37, Figure 38, Figure 39)
Données manquantes : CBCL (20/356 (5.6%)), IQ (41/356 (12%)), SRS et BRIEF-P (15/356 (4.2%)) (Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) : non statistiquement associé avec les outcomes neurodeveloppement sauf un tendance (p<0.1) pour l’IQ verbal comprenhension Table 15)
--> Choix final : les variables sont inclues, selon l’outcome, en continue
Poids et taille de l’enfant à la naissance, à un an ou 3 ans :
Distribution : ok (Table 6, Figure 57, Figure 58, Figure 59, Figure 60, Figure 61, Figure 62)
Corrélations : les variables sont corrélées (Figure 36)
Données manquantes : le poids et la taille à la naissance sont les variables avec le moins de données manquantes (<2% VS autour de 15-20% pour les autres, Table 5)
Elimination du poids et de la taille à 1, 2 et 3 ans pour respecter la chronologie (le microbiote a été prélevé à un an)
--> Choix final: on choisit les variables poids et taille à la naissance, en catégoriel (3 catégories, po_w_kg_3cat et po_he_3cat)
Age des parents :
Corrélations : les variables âge de la mère à la conception et âge du père à la naissance sont corrélées (Figure 36)
Données manquantes : l’âge de la mère n’a aucune donnée manquante contrairement à l’âge du père (17% de NA, Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) :
- l’âge du père et de la mère sont associés au comportement de l’enfant mais pas au qi les deux variables semblent avoir une relation linéaire les deux variables sont associées dans le même sens
--> Choix final : on choisit la variable âge de la mère, en continu (mo_age)
Niveau d’éducation des parents:
Distribution : ok, catégories équilibrées (Table 5)
Données manquantes : il y a moins de données manquantes sur la variables mère (0.4% VS 39%, Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) :
- le niveau d’éducation de la mère est associée à SRS totale et Plan/organization score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) à trois ans
Choix des catégories : Ariane et Vicente ont utilisé 2 catégories (≥5 years after graduation VS <5 years after graduation)
--> Choix final : on choisit la variable éducation de la mère en 2 catégories (mo_dipl_2cat)
IMC de la mère avant la grossesse :
Choix final : on choisit la variable IMC de la mère avant la grossesse en 3 catégories (mo_bmi_bepr_3cat)
Sexe de l’enfant :
Distribution (Male/Female): ok, catégories équilibrées (Table 5)
Données manquantes : 0/356 (0%) (Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) :
Le sexe de l’enfant n’est pas associé aux outcomes de neurodeveloppement
Sauf en univarié pour BRIEF-P inhibit score (Beta : -1.2; CI95%:-2.3, 0.0; p=0.042, female compared to male, Table 10)
Sauf en univarié pour IQ verbal comprehension score Y3 (Beta : 2.6; CI95% : 0.0, 5.1; p=0.046, female, compared to male, Table 15)
Choix final : on inclut la variable sexe de l’enfant (ch_sex)
Parité :
Distribution (None/1 child or more) : ok, catégories équilibrées (Table 5)
Données manquantes : 0/356 (0%) (Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) :
Statistiquement associé avec presque tous les outcomes de neurodeveloppement
Le fait d’avoir déjà eu un enfant ou plus est associé à une diminution des outcomes BRIEF-P, SRS, CBCL et une augmentation du QI
Sauf IQ verbal comprehension score Y3 : sens de l’association innatendu
Choix final : on inclut la variable parité (mo_par_2cat)
Durée de l’allaitement :
Choix final : on inclut la variable catégorielle car pour le microbiote il y a une grosse différenc eattendu entre les enfants allaités des enfants non allaités (ch_bf_duration_till48w_4cat)
Durée de la gestation :
Choix final : on inclut la variable en continue (po_gd)
Mode d’accouchement :
Choix final : on inclut la variable en continue (po_delmod)
Période d’introduction de la nourriture solide :
Choix final : on inclut la variable en catégoriel (ch_food_intro_Y1_3cat)
Présence d’animaux de compagnie :
Choix final : on inclut la variable en catégoriel (mo_pets)
Prescription d’antibiotiques entre la naissance et l’âge de 1 an :
Choix final : on inclut la variable en catégoriel (ch_antibio_Y1_2cat)
Questionnaires HOME à 3 ans :
Corrélations : les variables HOME sont corrélées entre elles (Figure 36) –> on choisit la plus générale (home_total_y3)
Distribution : continue, ok (Table 6, Figure 52, Figure 53, Figure 54, Figure 56)
Données manquantes : 43/356 (12%) (Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) :
- HOME questionnaire total score était associé à CBCL externe score Y2, SRS total score Y3, IQ verbal comprehension score Y3, IQ total score Y3
Choix final : on inclut la variable en continue (home_total_y3)
Score d’anxiété et de dépression de la mère, au 3ème trimestre et lorsque l’enfant a l’âge de 1 ans :
Corrélations : les variables sont corrélées entre elles (Figure 36) –> on choisit la plus générale et la plus loin chronologiquement des variables d’expositions et d’outcomes –> le score totale d’anxiété et de dépression de la mère au T3
Distribution : continue, ok (Table 6, Figure 43, Figure 44, Figure 45, Figure 46, Figure 47, Figure 48) - Données manquantes : 14/356 (3.9%) (Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) :
- La variable score d’anxiété et de dépression de la mère à T3 est statistiquement associée aux outcomes de neurodeveloppmement (CBCL Y2, SRS Y3, BRIEF-P Y3) mais pas au QI
Choix final : on inclut la variable score totale d’anxiété et de dépression de la mère au T3 (mo_hadtotscore_grt3_imp)
Consomation d’alcool pendant la grossesse :
Choix final : nous n’incluons pas cette variable dans les modèles
Tabagisme périnatale :
3 variables initiales sont disponibles :
Tabagisme passif de la mère pendant la grossesse (oui/non)
Tabagisme actif de la mère pendant la grossesse (oui/non)
Tabagisme passif de l’enfant de la naissance à un an (oui/non)
Distribution (No / Yes) : ok (Table 5)
Données manquantes : ok (Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) :
- non statistiquement associé ou tendance (en univarié)
Choix final : on regroupe en 2 variables catégorielles oui / non
une variable tabagisme périnatale passif (tabagisme passif de la mère pendant la grossesse + tabagisme passif de l’enfant de la naissance à un an (ch_tabacco_passive_up_to_Y1)
une variable tabagisme actif de la mère pendant la grossesse (mo_tob_gr_anyt_yn_n2)
Mode de garde principal de l’enfant à 6 et 12 mois :
2 variables sont disponibles : mode de garde à 6 mois (Collective day care/other), mode de garde à 12 mois (Collective day care/other)
on teste 2 models :
un premier où l’on inclut la variable main child care at 12 months (ch_care_main_12m_opt2_2c, Multivariate model test 1)
un deuxième où l’on inclut une variable main child care up to 12 months (ch_care_main_6m_12m_opt2_2c, Multivariate model test 2) : ici tous les enfants qui ont un mode de garde principal collectif à 6 ou 12 mois sont dans la catégorie collective day care
Distribution : ok, il n’y a pas une grande différence entre les deux variables (Table 5)
Données manquantes : 25/356 (7.0%) (Table 5)
Régressions uni et multivariées (Table 7 à Table 18) :
La variable main mode of child care at 12 months est associée à une augmentation de BRIEF-P shift score Y3 et à une diminition de IQ total scoreY3 (Collective day care est la catégorie de référence) dans les modèles uni et multivariés
La variable main mode of child care up to 12 months tendait à être associée à une augmentation de BRIEF-P shift score Y3 et à une diminition de IQ total scoreY3 (Collective day care est la catégorie de référence) dans les modèles uni et multivariés
Choix final : on inclut la variable en catégoriel (ch_care_main_12m_opt2_2c)
| Characteristic | Included, N = 3561 | Excluded, N = 1281 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight | 0.96 | ||
| <3 Kg | 74 (21%) | 25 (20%) | |
| 3-3.4 Kg | 174 (49%) | 62 (50%) | |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 108 (30%) | 36 (29%) | |
| Birth length | 0.44 | ||
| <50 cm | 130 (37%) | 40 (34%) | |
| 50-51 cm | 141 (40%) | 54 (46%) | |
| ≥52 cm | 84 (24%) | 23 (20%) | |
| Maternal education | 0.80 | ||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 201 (57%) | 71 (55%) | |
| <5 years after graduation | 153 (43%) | 57 (45%) | |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 32 (30, 35) | 32 (30, 35) | 0.29 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | 0.40 | ||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 48 (14%) | 12 (10%) | |
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 223 (63%) | 78 (62%) | |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 84 (24%) | 35 (28%) | |
| Child sex | 0.96 | ||
| Male | 190 (53%) | 66 (54%) | |
| Female | 166 (47%) | 57 (46%) | |
| Maternal parity | 0.88 | ||
| None | 164 (46%) | 58 (45%) | |
| 1 child or more | 192 (54%) | 70 (55%) | |
| Breastfeeding duration | 0.54 | ||
| Not breastfed | 29 (8%) | 11 (12%) | |
| <24 weeks | 122 (35%) | 35 (37%) | |
| 24-47 weeks | 117 (34%) | 32 (34%) | |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 79 (23%) | 16 (17%) | |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 40 (39, 40) | 39 (38, 40) | 0.31 |
| Delivery mode | 0.54 | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 298 (84%) | 100 (81%) | |
| C-section | 58 (16%) | 23 (19%) | |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | 0.09 | ||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 253 (79%) | 40 (67%) | |
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 50 (16%) | 16 (27%) | |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 16 (5%) | 4 (7%) | |
| Presence of pets | 0.30 | ||
| No | 222 (71%) | 49 (65%) | |
| One or more | 89 (29%) | 26 (35%) | |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | 0.02 | ||
| No | 246 (69%) | 86 (81%) | |
| Yes | 109 (31%) | 20 (19%) | |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 25 (23, 26) | 25 (23, 27) | 0.68 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 10 (7, 13) | 11 (7, 15) | 0.16 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 0.30 | ||
| No | 310 (94%) | 91 (91%) | |
| Yes | 20 (6%) | 9 (9%) | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 0.08 | ||
| No | 232 (67%) | 45 (57%) | |
| Yes | 112 (33%) | 34 (43%) | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months | 0.28 | ||
| Collective day care | 271 (82%) | 55 (76%) | |
| Other | 60 (18%) | 17 (24%) | |
| 1 n (%); Median (IQR) | |||
| 2 Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test | |||
Final sample sizes
A rediscuter si on prend un seul effectif commun ?
CBCL scores Y2
Interne score Y2
| Characteristic | Child CBCL interne score at 2 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 332 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.536 |
| Shannon diversity | 332 | 0.38 | -0.56, 1.33 | 0.424 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 336 | 0.00 | -0.03, 0.02 | 0.842 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 336 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.151 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 336 | 0.00 | -0.03, 0.03 | 0.869 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 336 | -0.03 | -0.06, 0.00 | 0.080 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 336 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.134 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 336 | -0.02 | -0.05, 0.02 | 0.323 |
| Genus Blautia | 336 | -0.04 | -0.09, 0.01 | 0.131 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 336 | -0.02 | -0.06, 0.01 | 0.210 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Externe score Y2
| Characteristic | Child CBCL externe score at 2 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 331 | -0.01 | -0.03, 0.02 | 0.629 |
| Shannon diversity | 331 | 0.50 | -0.76, 1.75 | 0.436 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 335 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.06 | 0.156 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 335 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.05 | 0.232 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 335 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.03 | 0.547 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 335 | -0.05 | -0.10, -0.01 | 0.024 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 335 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.05 | 0.203 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 335 | -0.02 | -0.06, 0.02 | 0.396 |
| Genus Blautia | 335 | 0.03 | -0.04, 0.10 | 0.377 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 335 | -0.04 | -0.09, 0.01 | 0.158 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
SRS total score Y3
| Characteristic | Child SRS total score at 3 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 327 | 0.02 | -0.04, 0.07 | 0.570 |
| Shannon diversity | 327 | -0.10 | -2.58, 2.38 | 0.938 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 332 | -0.01 | -0.08, 0.06 | 0.768 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 332 | 0.04 | -0.02, 0.10 | 0.202 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 332 | 0.02 | -0.06, 0.10 | 0.647 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 332 | -0.10 | -0.19, -0.02 | 0.018 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 332 | 0.04 | -0.02, 0.11 | 0.165 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 332 | 0.02 | -0.06, 0.10 | 0.601 |
| Genus Blautia | 332 | -0.05 | -0.19, 0.09 | 0.511 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 332 | -0.10 | -0.20, -0.01 | 0.038 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
BRIEF-P Y3
Inhibition score Y3
| Characteristic | Child inhibition score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 325 | 0.00 | -0.02, 0.03 | 0.711 |
| Shannon diversity | 325 | 0.07 | -0.97, 1.11 | 0.894 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 330 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.317 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 330 | 0.02 | 0.00, 0.05 | 0.099 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 330 | -0.02 | -0.05, 0.02 | 0.358 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 330 | -0.04 | -0.07, 0.00 | 0.031 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 330 | 0.02 | 0.00, 0.05 | 0.103 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 330 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.02 | 0.486 |
| Genus Blautia | 330 | 0.02 | -0.04, 0.08 | 0.551 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 330 | -0.02 | -0.06, 0.02 | 0.291 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Shift score Y3
| Characteristic | Child shift score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 333 | 0.00 | -0.01, 0.01 | 0.766 |
| Shannon diversity | 333 | -0.16 | -0.75, 0.42 | 0.587 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 338 | 0.00 | -0.02, 0.02 | 0.992 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 338 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.02 | 0.352 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 338 | 0.00 | -0.02, 0.02 | 0.912 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 338 | -0.02 | -0.04, 0.00 | 0.126 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 338 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.02 | 0.280 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 338 | 0.00 | -0.02, 0.02 | 0.653 |
| Genus Blautia | 338 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.02 | 0.465 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 338 | -0.01 | -0.04, 0.01 | 0.238 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Emotional control score Y3
| Characteristic | Child emotional control score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 332 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.03 | 0.090 |
| Shannon diversity | 332 | 0.53 | -0.16, 1.22 | 0.130 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 337 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.500 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 337 | 0.00 | -0.01, 0.02 | 0.735 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 337 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.283 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 337 | -0.03 | -0.05, -0.01 | 0.017 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 337 | 0.00 | -0.01, 0.02 | 0.715 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 337 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.185 |
| Genus Blautia | 337 | 0.00 | -0.04, 0.04 | 0.888 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 337 | -0.03 | -0.06, 0.00 | 0.028 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Working memory score Y3
| Characteristic | Child working memory score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 324 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.430 |
| Shannon diversity | 324 | 0.05 | -0.83, 0.92 | 0.915 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 329 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.429 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 329 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.131 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 329 | -0.03 | -0.06, 0.00 | 0.032 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 329 | -0.02 | -0.05, 0.01 | 0.125 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 329 | 0.02 | 0.00, 0.04 | 0.123 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 329 | -0.03 | -0.06, 0.00 | 0.031 |
| Genus Blautia | 329 | -0.02 | -0.07, 0.03 | 0.457 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 329 | -0.03 | -0.06, 0.01 | 0.126 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Plan/organization score Y3
| Characteristic | Child plan/organization score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 330 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.02 | 0.149 |
| Shannon diversity | 330 | 0.19 | -0.37, 0.74 | 0.508 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 335 | 0.02 | 0.00, 0.03 | 0.026 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 335 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.02 | 0.417 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 335 | -0.02 | -0.03, 0.00 | 0.045 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 335 | -0.02 | -0.03, 0.00 | 0.113 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 335 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.02 | 0.383 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 335 | -0.02 | -0.04, 0.00 | 0.032 |
| Genus Blautia | 335 | 0.00 | -0.03, 0.03 | >0.999 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 335 | -0.01 | -0.03, 0.01 | 0.246 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
IQ Y3
Verbal comprehension score Y3
| Characteristic | Child verbal comprehension score at 3 years (IQ test) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 310 | -0.01 | -0.06, 0.04 | 0.690 |
| Shannon diversity | 310 | -1.28 | -3.66, 1.10 | 0.290 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 315 | -0.02 | -0.09, 0.04 | 0.535 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 315 | -0.02 | -0.08, 0.03 | 0.423 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 315 | 0.03 | -0.05, 0.10 | 0.473 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 315 | 0.00 | -0.09, 0.08 | 0.960 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 315 | -0.02 | -0.08, 0.04 | 0.462 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 315 | 0.03 | -0.04, 0.11 | 0.400 |
| Genus Blautia | 315 | 0.06 | -0.08, 0.19 | 0.394 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 315 | -0.05 | -0.14, 0.05 | 0.361 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Visuospatiale score Y3
| Characteristic | Child visuospatiale score at 3 years (IQ test) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 310 | 0.00 | -0.05, 0.05 | 0.922 |
| Shannon diversity | 310 | 0.35 | -1.99, 2.69 | 0.768 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 315 | -0.01 | -0.07, 0.06 | 0.781 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 315 | 0.00 | -0.06, 0.06 | 0.908 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 315 | 0.04 | -0.03, 0.11 | 0.243 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 315 | -0.03 | -0.11, 0.05 | 0.500 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 315 | 0.00 | -0.06, 0.06 | 0.911 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 315 | 0.05 | -0.02, 0.13 | 0.174 |
| Genus Blautia | 315 | 0.00 | -0.13, 0.13 | 0.985 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 315 | -0.04 | -0.14, 0.06 | 0.411 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Work memory score Y3
| Characteristic | Child work memory score at 3 years (IQ test) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 310 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.04 | 0.800 |
| Shannon diversity | 310 | -1.04 | -3.34, 1.25 | 0.372 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 315 | -0.01 | -0.07, 0.06 | 0.819 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 315 | 0.03 | -0.02, 0.09 | 0.261 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 315 | -0.02 | -0.09, 0.06 | 0.669 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 315 | -0.04 | -0.12, 0.04 | 0.347 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 315 | 0.03 | -0.03, 0.09 | 0.317 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 315 | -0.01 | -0.08, 0.07 | 0.814 |
| Genus Blautia | 315 | 0.00 | -0.13, 0.13 | 0.956 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 315 | -0.06 | -0.16, 0.04 | 0.216 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Total IQ score Y3
| Characteristic | Child total IQ score at 3 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 310 | 0.00 | -0.05, 0.05 | 0.997 |
| Shannon diversity | 310 | -0.64 | -3.00, 1.71 | 0.590 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 315 | -0.02 | -0.09, 0.04 | 0.452 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 315 | 0.00 | -0.06, 0.05 | 0.898 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 315 | 0.04 | -0.03, 0.11 | 0.310 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 315 | -0.02 | -0.11, 0.06 | 0.610 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 315 | 0.00 | -0.06, 0.05 | 0.886 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 315 | 0.05 | -0.03, 0.12 | 0.205 |
| Genus Blautia | 315 | 0.03 | -0.10, 0.16 | 0.687 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 315 | -0.06 | -0.15, 0.04 | 0.249 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Part 4: Additional analysis
Covariates effects on the outcomes
CBCL Y2
Interne score Y2
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3361 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 166 (49%) | 0.8 | -0.6, 2.1 | 0.265 | 1.0 | -0.6, 2.6 | 0.215 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 100 (30%) | 0.9 | -0.6, 2.3 | 0.246 | 1.5 | -0.5, 3.5 | 0.149 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 123 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 135 (40%) | 0.2 | -1.0, 1.3 | 0.783 | -0.3 | -1.7, 1.1 | 0.701 |
| ≥52 cm | 77 (23%) | 0.0 | -1.4, 1.4 | 0.995 | -0.6 | -2.4, 1.3 | 0.560 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (57%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 143 (43%) | 0.1 | -0.9, 1.2 | 0.777 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.9 | 0.762 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 336 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.049 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.147 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 47 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 209 (62%) | 0.1 | -1.4, 1.7 | 0.856 | 0.4 | -1.1, 1.9 | 0.622 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 79 (24%) | 0.6 | -1.1, 2.3 | 0.489 | 0.5 | -1.2, 2.3 | 0.572 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 181 (54%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 155 (46%) | 0.2 | -0.9, 1.2 | 0.739 | 0.6 | -0.5, 1.7 | 0.295 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 157 (47%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 179 (53%) | -1.2 | -2.2, -0.2 | 0.022 | -1.5 | -2.7, -0.4 | 0.009 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 28 (8.5%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 114 (35%) | -0.2 | -2.2, 1.8 | 0.833 | -0.1 | -2.1, 1.9 | 0.952 |
| 24-47 weeks | 113 (34%) | -0.3 | -2.3, 1.7 | 0.803 | 0.1 | -1.9, 2.2 | 0.887 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 73 (22%) | 0.8 | -1.3, 2.9 | 0.434 | 0.9 | -1.1, 3.0 | 0.375 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 336 | 0.2 | -0.1, 0.5 | 0.229 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.5 | 0.648 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 282 (84%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | -0.2 | -1.6, 1.2 | 0.805 | -0.4 | -1.9, 1.1 | 0.595 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 247 (80%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 47 (15%) | -0.1 | -1.6, 1.5 | 0.946 | -0.7 | -2.3, 0.9 | 0.365 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.2%) | -0.7 | -3.4, 2.0 | 0.588 | 0.5 | -2.4, 3.3 | 0.746 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 214 (72%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 83 (28%) | 0.3 | -0.9, 1.5 | 0.589 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.648 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 230 (69%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 105 (31%) | -0.7 | -1.8, 0.4 | 0.220 | -0.6 | -1.8, 0.5 | 0.279 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 302 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.050 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.096 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 327 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.3 | <0.001 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 18 (5.8%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -0.1 | -2.3, 2.1 | 0.926 | -0.2 | -2.8, 2.4 | 0.888 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 109 (33%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 1.2 | 0.1, 2.3 | 0.040 | 0.9 | -0.3, 2.0 | 0.127 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 260 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.4 | -1.8, 0.9 | 0.531 | -0.5 | -2.0, 0.9 | 0.473 |
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 336 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.292 | |||
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.365 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 336 | ||||||
| R² | 0.125 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.054 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
Externe score Y2
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3351 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 166 (50%) | 0.0 | -1.7, 1.8 | 0.981 | -0.5 | -2.7, 1.6 | 0.611 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 99 (30%) | 0.5 | -1.5, 2.4 | 0.630 | -0.1 | -2.8, 2.6 | 0.940 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 123 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 134 (40%) | 0.2 | -1.3, 1.7 | 0.801 | -0.3 | -2.1, 1.6 | 0.789 |
| ≥52 cm | 77 (23%) | 0.6 | -1.2, 2.4 | 0.545 | 0.1 | -2.4, 2.6 | 0.917 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (57%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 142 (43%) | 1.2 | -0.1, 2.6 | 0.078 | 0.7 | -0.7, 2.1 | 0.304 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 335 | -0.2 | -0.3, 0.0 | 0.065 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.053 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 47 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 209 (63%) | 0.9 | -1.1, 2.9 | 0.387 | 0.9 | -1.1, 3.0 | 0.383 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 78 (23%) | 0.9 | -1.4, 3.2 | 0.432 | 0.7 | -1.6, 3.1 | 0.547 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 180 (54%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 155 (46%) | -0.9 | -2.2, 0.5 | 0.217 | -0.3 | -1.8, 1.2 | 0.702 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 157 (47%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 178 (53%) | -0.1 | -1.4, 1.3 | 0.930 | -0.2 | -1.7, 1.3 | 0.811 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 28 (8.6%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 113 (35%) | -0.5 | -3.1, 2.2 | 0.727 | -0.1 | -2.8, 2.6 | 0.941 |
| 24-47 weeks | 113 (35%) | -0.8 | -3.4, 1.8 | 0.556 | 0.1 | -2.6, 2.8 | 0.942 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 73 (22%) | 0.0 | -2.8, 2.7 | 0.974 | 0.4 | -2.4, 3.2 | 0.777 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 335 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.6 | 0.557 | 0.1 | -0.4, 0.6 | 0.663 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 281 (84%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | 0.1 | -1.8, 1.9 | 0.939 | -0.1 | -2.1, 1.9 | 0.934 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 247 (80%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 47 (15%) | -0.4 | -2.4, 1.6 | 0.701 | -0.8 | -2.8, 1.3 | 0.469 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.2%) | 0.6 | -2.9, 4.2 | 0.718 | 0.8 | -3.0, 4.6 | 0.672 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 214 (72%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 83 (28%) | -0.9 | -2.5, 0.7 | 0.273 | -1.1 | -2.7, 0.5 | 0.183 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 229 (69%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 105 (31%) | 0.3 | -1.2, 1.8 | 0.694 | 0.4 | -1.1, 1.9 | 0.629 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 301 | -0.4 | -0.6, -0.1 | 0.010 | -0.3 | -0.6, 0.0 | 0.044 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 326 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.3 | 0.005 | 0.2 | 0.1, 0.4 | 0.004 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 18 (5.8%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 2.8 | -0.3, 5.8 | 0.072 | 1.6 | -1.4, 4.6 | 0.282 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 109 (33%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 1.6 | 0.2, 3.1 | 0.026 | 1.0 | -0.5, 2.5 | 0.187 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 260 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.6 | -2.4, 1.2 | 0.525 | -0.6 | -2.5, 1.3 | 0.555 |
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 335 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.795 | |||
| Child age at the CBCL 2 years evaluation | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.878 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 335 | ||||||
| R² | 0.092 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.018 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
SRS total score 3Y
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3321 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 69 (21%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 163 (49%) | 1.2 | -2.5, 4.8 | 0.523 | 1.6 | -2.6, 5.7 | 0.462 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 100 (30%) | 2.3 | -1.7, 6.3 | 0.254 | 3.0 | -2.3, 8.3 | 0.271 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 121 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 132 (40%) | -0.3 | -3.5, 2.9 | 0.854 | -1.1 | -4.8, 2.5 | 0.534 |
| ≥52 cm | 78 (24%) | 1.1 | -2.6, 4.8 | 0.557 | -1.1 | -6.0, 3.8 | 0.650 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 191 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 139 (42%) | 3.7 | 0.8, 6.5 | 0.011 | 4.0 | 1.2, 6.8 | 0.005 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 332 | -0.3 | -0.7, 0.1 | 0.105 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.3 | 0.708 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 208 (63%) | 1.2 | -2.9, 5.4 | 0.561 | 2.0 | -2.0, 6.0 | 0.325 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 77 (23%) | 1.3 | -3.5, 6.0 | 0.599 | 1.7 | -3.0, 6.3 | 0.474 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 177 (53%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 155 (47%) | -0.3 | -3.1, 2.5 | 0.817 | 0.4 | -2.4, 3.3 | 0.762 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 151 (45%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 181 (55%) | -4.7 | -7.5, -2.0 | <0.001 | -6.5 | -9.5, -3.6 | <0.001 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (7.7%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 113 (35%) | -3.2 | -8.9, 2.4 | 0.263 | -2.0 | -7.4, 3.5 | 0.474 |
| 24-47 weeks | 112 (35%) | -3.9 | -9.5, 1.8 | 0.182 | -1.5 | -7.0, 3.9 | 0.582 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 74 (23%) | -4.4 | -10.4, 1.5 | 0.143 | -2.8 | -8.5, 2.9 | 0.335 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 332 | 0.6 | -0.3, 1.5 | 0.188 | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.4 | 0.388 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 278 (84%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | 1.1 | -2.7, 4.8 | 0.583 | -0.4 | -4.2, 3.5 | 0.842 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 238 (79%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 49 (16%) | 0.6 | -3.4, 4.5 | 0.784 | -1.7 | -5.8, 2.4 | 0.403 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (5.0%) | 6.0 | -0.8, 12.7 | 0.083 | 6.6 | -0.3, 13.5 | 0.059 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 211 (72%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 83 (28%) | 0.1 | -3.2, 3.4 | 0.944 | -0.3 | -3.9, 3.3 | 0.865 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 228 (69%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 103 (31%) | -0.2 | -3.2, 2.8 | 0.894 | 0.0 | -3.0, 3.0 | 0.989 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 303 | -0.8 | -1.3, -0.3 | 0.004 | -0.7 | -1.2, -0.1 | 0.018 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 321 | 0.5 | 0.2, 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.6 | 0.3, 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.1%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -1.0 | -6.9, 4.9 | 0.737 | -0.7 | -7.0, 5.6 | 0.832 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 103 (32%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -0.7 | -3.7, 2.3 | 0.653 | -1.7 | -5.0, 1.5 | 0.300 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 257 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 58 (18%) | -1.4 | -5.1, 2.3 | 0.456 | -0.9 | -4.8, 2.9 | 0.625 |
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 332 | 0.3 | 0.0, 0.6 | 0.081 | |||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.2 | -0.1, 0.5 | 0.280 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 332 | ||||||
| R² | 0.171 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.104 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
BRIEF-P Y3
Inhibit score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3301 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 68 (21%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 161 (49%) | 0.1 | -1.4, 1.5 | 0.931 | -0.5 | -2.2, 1.3 | 0.607 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 101 (31%) | 0.0 | -1.6, 1.6 | 0.993 | -1.2 | -3.4, 1.0 | 0.297 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 118 (36%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 131 (40%) | 0.8 | -0.5, 2.1 | 0.230 | 1.1 | -0.5, 2.6 | 0.171 |
| ≥52 cm | 80 (24%) | 1.3 | -0.1, 2.8 | 0.074 | 2.0 | 0.0, 4.0 | 0.055 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 190 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 138 (42%) | 0.8 | -0.3, 1.9 | 0.151 | 0.8 | -0.4, 2.0 | 0.189 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 330 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.191 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.488 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 208 (63%) | 0.9 | -0.8, 2.5 | 0.309 | 0.8 | -0.8, 2.5 | 0.321 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 75 (23%) | 0.7 | -1.2, 2.6 | 0.493 | 0.6 | -1.3, 2.6 | 0.536 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 175 (53%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 155 (47%) | -1.2 | -2.3, 0.0 | 0.042 | -0.7 | -1.9, 0.5 | 0.237 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 148 (45%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 182 (55%) | -1.0 | -2.1, 0.1 | 0.083 | -1.5 | -2.7, -0.2 | 0.021 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 24 (7.5%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 114 (35%) | -0.3 | -2.5, 2.0 | 0.813 | 0.1 | -2.2, 2.4 | 0.936 |
| 24-47 weeks | 109 (34%) | -0.3 | -2.5, 2.0 | 0.829 | 0.6 | -1.8, 3.0 | 0.627 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 75 (23%) | 0.4 | -2.0, 2.7 | 0.760 | 1.1 | -1.3, 3.5 | 0.382 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 330 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.790 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.3 | 0.690 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 276 (84%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | 0.5 | -1.0, 2.0 | 0.505 | 0.0 | -1.6, 1.7 | 0.958 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 236 (79%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 48 (16%) | 0.1 | -1.5, 1.7 | 0.933 | -0.6 | -2.3, 1.0 | 0.461 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (5.0%) | 2.2 | -0.4, 4.9 | 0.102 | 1.8 | -1.0, 4.6 | 0.205 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 209 (72%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 83 (28%) | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.625 | 0.1 | -1.3, 1.6 | 0.878 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 229 (70%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 100 (30%) | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.0 | 0.793 | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.3 | 0.958 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 301 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.1 | 0.442 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.538 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 320 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.014 | 0.2 | 0.0, 0.3 | 0.017 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.2%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 0.5 | -1.9, 2.9 | 0.680 | -0.1 | -2.7, 2.5 | 0.943 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 103 (32%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 0.5 | -0.7, 1.7 | 0.411 | 0.3 | -1.1, 1.7 | 0.667 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 255 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.6 | -2.1, 0.9 | 0.449 | -0.5 | -2.1, 1.0 | 0.497 |
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 330 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.076 | |||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.119 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 330 | ||||||
| R² | 0.097 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.022 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
Shift score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3381 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 166 (49%) | 0.2 | -0.7, 1.0 | 0.703 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.8 | 0.736 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 102 (30%) | 0.6 | -0.3, 1.5 | 0.218 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.629 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 121 (36%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 135 (40%) | 0.4 | -0.4, 1.1 | 0.312 | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.1 | 0.583 |
| ≥52 cm | 81 (24%) | 0.3 | -0.5, 1.2 | 0.420 | 0.3 | -0.9, 1.4 | 0.656 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 195 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 141 (42%) | 0.3 | -0.4, 0.9 | 0.415 | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.1 | 0.223 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 338 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.381 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.297 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 213 (63%) | -0.5 | -1.5, 0.4 | 0.257 | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.6 | 0.492 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 78 (23%) | -0.6 | -1.7, 0.4 | 0.240 | -0.6 | -1.7, 0.5 | 0.251 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 181 (54%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 157 (46%) | 0.1 | -0.5, 0.7 | 0.721 | 0.3 | -0.4, 0.9 | 0.467 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 154 (46%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 184 (54%) | -0.5 | -1.2, 0.1 | 0.099 | -0.8 | -1.5, -0.1 | 0.023 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 26 (7.9%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 115 (35%) | 0.4 | -0.9, 1.7 | 0.546 | 0.7 | -0.5, 2.0 | 0.266 |
| 24-47 weeks | 112 (34%) | 1.1 | -0.2, 2.3 | 0.099 | 1.5 | 0.2, 2.8 | 0.021 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 77 (23%) | 0.9 | -0.4, 2.2 | 0.185 | 1.1 | -0.2, 2.5 | 0.094 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 338 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.357 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.562 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 282 (83%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 56 (17%) | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.1 | 0.577 | 0.2 | -0.7, 1.1 | 0.608 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 243 (79%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 49 (16%) | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.975 | -0.6 | -1.5, 0.3 | 0.205 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (4.9%) | -0.1 | -1.6, 1.4 | 0.902 | 0.0 | -1.7, 1.7 | 0.998 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 215 (72%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 84 (28%) | -0.2 | -1.0, 0.5 | 0.562 | -0.4 | -1.3, 0.4 | 0.326 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 232 (69%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 105 (31%) | -0.1 | -0.8, 0.6 | 0.756 | -0.1 | -0.8, 0.6 | 0.822 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.688 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.983 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 327 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.014 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.004 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.1%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -0.6 | -1.9, 0.7 | 0.348 | -0.3 | -2.7, 2.0 | 0.753 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 105 (32%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 0.0 | -0.7, 0.7 | 0.996 | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.7 | 0.839 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 263 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 57 (18%) | 0.9 | 0.0, 1.7 | 0.045 | 1.0 | 0.1, 1.9 | 0.027 |
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 338 | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.324 | |||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.308 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 338 | ||||||
| R² | 0.098 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.026 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
BRIEF-P emotional control score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3371 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 165 (49%) | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.707 | 0.0 | -1.2, 1.1 | 0.945 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 102 (30%) | 0.4 | -0.7, 1.4 | 0.506 | 0.2 | -1.3, 1.7 | 0.817 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 121 (36%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 134 (40%) | 0.3 | -0.6, 1.1 | 0.525 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.706 |
| ≥52 cm | 81 (24%) | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.3 | 0.463 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.7 | 0.632 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 194 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 141 (42%) | 0.4 | -0.4, 1.1 | 0.300 | 0.4 | -0.4, 1.2 | 0.283 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 337 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.048 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.0 | 0.166 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 212 (63%) | 0.5 | -0.6, 1.6 | 0.381 | 0.7 | -0.4, 1.8 | 0.211 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 78 (23%) | 0.2 | -1.1, 1.5 | 0.746 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.699 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 180 (53%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 157 (47%) | 0.0 | -0.8, 0.7 | 0.925 | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.0 | 0.636 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 153 (45%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 184 (55%) | -0.9 | -1.6, -0.2 | 0.016 | -1.2 | -2.0, -0.3 | 0.007 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 26 (7.9%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 115 (35%) | -0.1 | -1.6, 1.3 | 0.846 | 0.1 | -1.4, 1.6 | 0.927 |
| 24-47 weeks | 111 (34%) | 0.5 | -1.0, 2.0 | 0.493 | 1.0 | -0.6, 2.5 | 0.217 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 77 (23%) | 0.7 | -0.9, 2.2 | 0.379 | 1.0 | -0.6, 2.6 | 0.218 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 337 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.3 | 0.475 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.675 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 282 (84%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 55 (16%) | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.767 | 0.0 | -1.0, 1.1 | 0.945 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 243 (79%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 48 (16%) | -0.1 | -1.2, 0.9 | 0.786 | -0.4 | -1.6, 0.7 | 0.476 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (4.9%) | 1.1 | -0.7, 2.9 | 0.236 | 1.3 | -0.6, 3.2 | 0.175 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 215 (72%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 84 (28%) | 0.4 | -0.4, 1.3 | 0.305 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.1 | 0.746 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 232 (69%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 104 (31%) | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.7 | 0.835 | 0.1 | -0.8, 0.9 | 0.849 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 308 | -0.1 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.440 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.633 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 327 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.037 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.008 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.1%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 0.0 | -1.6, 1.6 | 0.997 | 0.1 | -2.0, 2.3 | 0.893 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 105 (32%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 0.3 | -0.5, 1.1 | 0.455 | 0.1 | -0.8, 0.9 | 0.850 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 262 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 57 (18%) | 0.0 | -1.0, 1.0 | 0.979 | 0.1 | -0.9, 1.2 | 0.809 |
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 337 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.923 | |||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.802 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 337 | ||||||
| R² | 0.087 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.013 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
BRIEF-P working memory score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3291 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 69 (21%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 162 (49%) | -1.0 | -2.2, 0.2 | 0.114 | -1.4 | -2.9, 0.1 | 0.061 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 98 (30%) | -0.5 | -1.8, 0.8 | 0.468 | -0.7 | -2.6, 1.1 | 0.437 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 118 (36%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 131 (40%) | -0.1 | -1.2, 1.0 | 0.848 | -0.2 | -1.5, 1.0 | 0.720 |
| ≥52 cm | 79 (24%) | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.1 | 0.808 | -0.5 | -2.2, 1.2 | 0.568 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 192 (59%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 135 (41%) | 0.8 | -0.1, 1.8 | 0.085 | 0.9 | 0.0, 1.9 | 0.061 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 329 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.1 | 0.553 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.865 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 207 (63%) | 0.7 | -0.7, 2.1 | 0.341 | 0.9 | -0.5, 2.4 | 0.192 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 76 (23%) | -0.3 | -1.9, 1.3 | 0.705 | -0.1 | -1.7, 1.5 | 0.915 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 177 (54%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 152 (46%) | -0.1 | -1.0, 0.9 | 0.908 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.8 | 0.738 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 152 (46%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 177 (54%) | -1.2 | -2.1, -0.3 | 0.012 | -1.4 | -2.4, -0.3 | 0.009 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (7.8%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 113 (35%) | 0.5 | -1.5, 2.4 | 0.643 | 0.7 | -1.2, 2.7 | 0.460 |
| 24-47 weeks | 110 (34%) | 0.5 | -1.4, 2.5 | 0.580 | 1.3 | -0.7, 3.2 | 0.203 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 73 (23%) | 0.5 | -1.5, 2.5 | 0.626 | 1.2 | -0.8, 3.2 | 0.232 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 329 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.352 | 0.3 | -0.1, 0.6 | 0.112 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 274 (83%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 55 (17%) | 0.2 | -1.1, 1.4 | 0.780 | -0.2 | -1.5, 1.1 | 0.781 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 235 (79%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 49 (16%) | -0.3 | -1.7, 1.0 | 0.626 | -0.9 | -2.2, 0.4 | 0.171 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 14 (4.7%) | 1.4 | -0.9, 3.7 | 0.237 | 1.4 | -1.2, 4.1 | 0.291 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 208 (72%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 82 (28%) | -0.8 | -1.8, 0.3 | 0.159 | -0.9 | -2.0, 0.2 | 0.128 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 224 (68%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 104 (32%) | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.2 | 0.728 | 0.4 | -0.6, 1.5 | 0.418 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 300 | -0.2 | -0.4, 0.0 | 0.062 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.1 | 0.211 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 318 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.102 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.015 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 18 (5.9%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 0.6 | -1.4, 2.6 | 0.556 | -0.3 | -2.6, 2.1 | 0.806 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 103 (32%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 1.2 | 0.2, 2.1 | 0.024 | 0.9 | -0.4, 2.1 | 0.177 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 256 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 55 (18%) | -1.3 | -2.6, 0.0 | 0.045 | -0.8 | -2.1, 0.6 | 0.263 |
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 329 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.234 | |||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.232 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 329 | ||||||
| R² | 0.124 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.052 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
BRIEF-P plan/organization score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3351 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 70 (21%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 165 (49%) | -0.2 | -0.9, 0.6 | 0.678 | -0.3 | -1.2, 0.6 | 0.536 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 100 (30%) | -0.1 | -0.9, 0.8 | 0.893 | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.0 | 0.728 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 121 (36%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 135 (40%) | -0.1 | -0.8, 0.6 | 0.745 | -0.2 | -1.1, 0.6 | 0.557 |
| ≥52 cm | 78 (23%) | 0.2 | -0.6, 1.0 | 0.567 | 0.2 | -0.9, 1.3 | 0.767 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 193 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 140 (42%) | 0.8 | 0.2, 1.4 | 0.008 | 0.9 | 0.3, 1.6 | 0.003 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 335 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.0 | 0.209 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.470 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 46 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 212 (63%) | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.950 | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.938 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 76 (23%) | -0.2 | -1.3, 0.8 | 0.663 | -0.3 | -1.3, 0.8 | 0.613 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 179 (53%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 156 (47%) | -0.2 | -0.8, 0.4 | 0.416 | -0.2 | -0.8, 0.5 | 0.558 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 153 (46%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 182 (54%) | -0.5 | -1.1, 0.1 | 0.086 | -0.7 | -1.3, 0.0 | 0.050 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 26 (8.0%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 114 (35%) | -0.4 | -1.6, 0.8 | 0.509 | -0.2 | -1.4, 1.0 | 0.719 |
| 24-47 weeks | 111 (34%) | 0.2 | -1.0, 1.3 | 0.797 | 0.6 | -0.7, 1.9 | 0.369 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 76 (23%) | -0.1 | -1.4, 1.1 | 0.838 | 0.3 | -1.0, 1.6 | 0.651 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 335 | 0.0 | -0.2, 0.2 | 0.841 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.3 | 0.603 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 281 (84%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 54 (16%) | 0.1 | -0.7, 1.0 | 0.733 | -0.1 | -1.0, 0.8 | 0.804 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 241 (79%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 49 (16%) | 0.0 | -0.9, 0.9 | 0.977 | -0.4 | -1.3, 0.5 | 0.351 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 15 (4.9%) | 1.6 | 0.1, 3.0 | 0.037 | 1.6 | 0.1, 3.1 | 0.040 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 213 (72%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 84 (28%) | -0.3 | -1.0, 0.4 | 0.368 | -0.5 | -1.2, 0.2 | 0.184 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 232 (69%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 102 (31%) | 0.1 | -0.5, 0.8 | 0.727 | 0.2 | -0.5, 0.8 | 0.614 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 306 | 0.0 | -0.1, 0.1 | 0.769 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.2 | 0.402 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 324 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.042 | 0.1 | 0.0, 0.2 | 0.013 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.1%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -0.1 | -1.4, 1.2 | 0.922 | -0.4 | -1.8, 0.9 | 0.539 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 103 (32%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | 0.5 | -0.2, 1.1 | 0.159 | 0.4 | -0.3, 1.2 | 0.255 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 261 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 57 (18%) | -0.3 | -1.1, 0.5 | 0.466 | -0.2 | -1.1, 0.6 | 0.592 |
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 335 | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.208 | |||
| Child age at the SRS 3 years evaluation | 0.0 | 0.0, 0.1 | 0.311 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 335 | ||||||
| R² | 0.107 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.035 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
IQ Y3
IQ verbal comprehension score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3151 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 63 (20%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 159 (50%) | -0.7 | -4.1, 2.7 | 0.697 | 1.9 | -2.1, 5.9 | 0.357 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 93 (30%) | -0.9 | -4.7, 2.8 | 0.619 | 2.1 | -3.1, 7.3 | 0.421 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 116 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 124 (39%) | -2.0 | -4.9, 1.0 | 0.191 | -2.1 | -5.6, 1.4 | 0.249 |
| ≥52 cm | 74 (24%) | -1.1 | -4.5, 2.2 | 0.504 | -0.4 | -5.0, 4.2 | 0.868 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 131 (42%) | -2.1 | -4.7, 0.5 | 0.105 | -1.5 | -4.2, 1.1 | 0.255 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 315 | 0.0 | -0.4, 0.3 | 0.907 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.655 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 198 (63%) | 0.7 | -3.0, 4.5 | 0.709 | 0.8 | -3.0, 4.6 | 0.678 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 71 (23%) | 0.9 | -3.4, 5.2 | 0.690 | 1.1 | -3.3, 5.5 | 0.621 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 167 (53%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 148 (47%) | 2.6 | 0.0, 5.1 | 0.046 | 1.5 | -1.3, 4.2 | 0.293 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 139 (44%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 176 (56%) | -3.3 | -5.8, -0.7 | 0.012 | -3.0 | -5.8, -0.2 | 0.036 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (8.1%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 102 (33%) | 0.7 | -4.3, 5.8 | 0.779 | -0.7 | -5.8, 4.5 | 0.802 |
| 24-47 weeks | 108 (35%) | 2.4 | -2.7, 7.4 | 0.353 | 1.0 | -4.1, 6.1 | 0.692 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 72 (23%) | 4.3 | -1.0, 9.5 | 0.112 | 4.3 | -1.1, 9.6 | 0.117 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 315 | -0.3 | -1.2, 0.5 | 0.451 | -0.4 | -1.4, 0.6 | 0.418 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 263 (83%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 52 (17%) | -0.2 | -3.7, 3.2 | 0.887 | -1.2 | -4.8, 2.4 | 0.507 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 232 (80%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 45 (16%) | 1.0 | -2.7, 4.7 | 0.593 | 1.3 | -2.7, 5.3 | 0.514 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.5%) | -7.6 | -14.0, -1.2 | 0.021 | -6.0 | -12.5, 0.5 | 0.069 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 203 (73%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 77 (28%) | 0.3 | -2.7, 3.3 | 0.850 | 0.5 | -2.8, 3.7 | 0.779 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 212 (68%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 102 (32%) | -0.8 | -3.6, 1.9 | 0.546 | -0.7 | -3.5, 2.1 | 0.631 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.8 | 0.3, 1.2 | 0.002 | 0.6 | 0.1, 1.1 | 0.021 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 306 | -0.2 | -0.5, 0.1 | 0.176 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.2 | 0.335 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.5%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -0.7 | -6.1, 4.8 | 0.807 | 1.3 | -4.9, 7.5 | 0.681 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 100 (33%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -1.2 | -3.9, 1.6 | 0.407 | -0.5 | -3.5, 2.6 | 0.763 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 246 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -3.0 | -6.4, 0.4 | 0.081 | -2.6 | -6.3, 1.1 | 0.166 |
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 315 | 0.3 | 0.0, 0.6 | 0.065 | |||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 0.3 | 0.0, 0.6 | 0.082 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 315 | ||||||
| R² | 0.124 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.048 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
IQ visuospacial score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3151 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 63 (20%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 159 (50%) | 1.3 | -2.0, 4.5 | 0.452 | 0.6 | -3.4, 4.6 | 0.786 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 93 (30%) | 0.9 | -2.7, 4.5 | 0.611 | 0.0 | -5.1, 5.1 | 0.990 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 116 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 124 (39%) | 0.9 | -1.9, 3.8 | 0.511 | 0.4 | -3.0, 3.9 | 0.808 |
| ≥52 cm | 74 (24%) | 0.3 | -2.9, 3.6 | 0.839 | 0.3 | -4.2, 4.9 | 0.883 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 131 (42%) | 0.6 | -1.9, 3.1 | 0.630 | 1.2 | -1.4, 3.8 | 0.363 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 315 | 0.2 | -0.2, 0.5 | 0.349 | 0.1 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.649 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 198 (63%) | 0.9 | -2.7, 4.5 | 0.622 | 0.5 | -3.2, 4.3 | 0.772 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 71 (23%) | 1.7 | -2.5, 5.9 | 0.429 | 1.6 | -2.7, 6.0 | 0.464 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 167 (53%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 148 (47%) | 0.5 | -2.0, 2.9 | 0.708 | 0.1 | -2.6, 2.9 | 0.934 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 139 (44%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 176 (56%) | 2.6 | 0.1, 5.0 | 0.041 | 2.4 | -0.4, 5.2 | 0.089 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (8.1%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 102 (33%) | 3.6 | -1.2, 8.4 | 0.138 | 3.3 | -1.7, 8.3 | 0.200 |
| 24-47 weeks | 108 (35%) | 5.3 | 0.5, 10.0 | 0.030 | 5.1 | 0.0, 10.1 | 0.048 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 72 (23%) | 6.1 | 1.1, 11.1 | 0.016 | 6.7 | 1.5, 11.9 | 0.011 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 315 | 0.0 | -0.8, 0.8 | 0.948 | 0.0 | -1.0, 1.0 | 0.982 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 263 (83%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 52 (17%) | -2.3 | -5.6, 1.1 | 0.182 | -2.4 | -6.0, 1.1 | 0.176 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 232 (80%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 45 (16%) | -0.8 | -4.4, 2.9 | 0.672 | -0.4 | -3.8, 3.1 | 0.840 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.5%) | -3.0 | -9.3, 3.4 | 0.357 | -2.2 | -8.8, 4.3 | 0.501 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 203 (73%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 77 (28%) | -1.4 | -4.4, 1.5 | 0.339 | -1.6 | -4.7, 1.4 | 0.297 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 212 (68%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 102 (32%) | 1.6 | -1.0, 4.2 | 0.225 | 1.7 | -1.2, 4.5 | 0.248 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.3 | -0.2, 0.7 | 0.274 | 0.4 | -0.2, 0.9 | 0.171 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 306 | -0.1 | -0.3, 0.2 | 0.707 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.853 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.5%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -2.0 | -7.2, 3.2 | 0.453 | -1.6 | -7.0, 3.7 | 0.552 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 100 (33%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -0.9 | -3.6, 1.8 | 0.522 | -0.6 | -3.5, 2.3 | 0.678 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 246 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -1.8 | -5.2, 1.5 | 0.286 | -3.4 | -6.9, 0.1 | 0.058 |
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 315 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.862 | |||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.3 | 0.939 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 315 | ||||||
| R² | 0.078 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | |||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
IQ work memory score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3151 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 63 (20%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 159 (50%) | 0.8 | -2.4, 4.1 | 0.610 | 0.3 | -3.6, 4.3 | 0.875 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 93 (30%) | -1.4 | -4.9, 2.1 | 0.441 | -2.2 | -7.2, 2.8 | 0.390 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 116 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 124 (39%) | 0.0 | -2.9, 2.8 | 0.973 | 0.3 | -3.1, 3.7 | 0.846 |
| ≥52 cm | 74 (24%) | -1.3 | -4.6, 1.9 | 0.415 | 0.0 | -4.5, 4.5 | 0.998 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 131 (42%) | 0.0 | -2.5, 2.5 | 0.974 | 0.2 | -2.4, 2.8 | 0.886 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 315 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.2 | 0.362 | -0.2 | -0.6, 0.1 | 0.239 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 198 (63%) | -2.1 | -5.7, 1.4 | 0.240 | -3.0 | -6.7, 0.7 | 0.111 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 71 (23%) | -1.1 | -5.2, 3.0 | 0.597 | -1.6 | -5.8, 2.7 | 0.477 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 167 (53%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 148 (47%) | 1.7 | -0.7, 4.2 | 0.169 | 1.3 | -1.4, 4.0 | 0.353 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 139 (44%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 176 (56%) | 1.7 | -0.7, 4.2 | 0.167 | 2.9 | 0.2, 5.7 | 0.036 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (8.1%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 102 (33%) | 0.7 | -4.1, 5.5 | 0.779 | 0.8 | -4.3, 5.8 | 0.767 |
| 24-47 weeks | 108 (35%) | 0.1 | -4.7, 4.9 | 0.970 | -0.6 | -5.6, 4.3 | 0.804 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 72 (23%) | 4.0 | -1.0, 9.0 | 0.117 | 4.2 | -1.0, 9.3 | 0.112 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 315 | 0.0 | -0.8, 0.8 | 0.970 | 0.2 | -0.8, 1.1 | 0.731 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 263 (83%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 52 (17%) | -1.3 | -4.6, 2.0 | 0.447 | -0.5 | -3.9, 3.0 | 0.795 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 232 (80%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 45 (16%) | -1.7 | -5.2, 1.8 | 0.349 | -0.5 | -4.0, 3.0 | 0.775 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.5%) | -4.2 | -10.3, 1.9 | 0.176 | -3.7 | -10.3, 2.9 | 0.269 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 203 (73%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 77 (28%) | -0.8 | -3.7, 2.1 | 0.600 | -0.7 | -3.8, 2.3 | 0.636 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 212 (68%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 102 (32%) | 0.9 | -1.7, 3.5 | 0.506 | 1.0 | -1.8, 3.8 | 0.469 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.2 | -0.2, 0.7 | 0.328 | 0.3 | -0.2, 0.8 | 0.220 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 306 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.1 | 0.279 | -0.1 | -0.4, 0.2 | 0.360 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.5%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -4.8 | -9.9, 0.3 | 0.062 | -3.8 | -9.3, 1.6 | 0.166 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 100 (33%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -1.0 | -3.6, 1.7 | 0.468 | 0.2 | -2.7, 3.1 | 0.910 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 246 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -1.6 | -4.9, 1.6 | 0.326 | -2.8 | -6.3, 0.7 | 0.117 |
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 315 | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.493 | |||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.665 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 315 | ||||||
| R² | 0.088 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.008 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
IQ total score Y3
| Characteristic | Univariate models | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3151 | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | Beta | 95% CI2 | p-value | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| <3 Kg | 63 (20%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 3-3.4 Kg | 159 (50%) | 0.5 | -2.8, 3.8 | 0.781 | 1.2 | -2.8, 5.2 | 0.552 |
| ≥3.5 Kg | 93 (30%) | -0.3 | -4.0, 3.3 | 0.854 | 0.3 | -4.8, 5.5 | 0.896 |
| Birth length | |||||||
| <50 cm | 116 (37%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 50-51 cm | 124 (39%) | -0.3 | -3.1, 2.6 | 0.858 | -0.2 | -3.7, 3.2 | 0.888 |
| ≥52 cm | 74 (24%) | -0.6 | -3.9, 2.7 | 0.731 | 0.4 | -4.2, 5.0 | 0.861 |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| ≥5 years after graduation | 182 (58%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <5 years after graduation | 131 (42%) | -0.1 | -2.6, 2.5 | 0.951 | 0.7 | -2.0, 3.3 | 0.606 |
| Maternal age at conception (years) | 315 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.805 | 0.0 | -0.3, 0.4 | 0.829 |
| Maternal BMI before pregnancy | |||||||
| <19 Kg/m2 | 45 (14%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 19-23.9 Kg/m2 | 198 (63%) | 0.5 | -3.1, 4.2 | 0.779 | 0.0 | -3.7, 3.8 | 0.991 |
| ≥24 Kg/m2 | 71 (23%) | 1.3 | -3.0, 5.5 | 0.560 | 1.0 | -3.3, 5.4 | 0.643 |
| Child sex | |||||||
| Male | 167 (53%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Female | 148 (47%) | 2.1 | -0.4, 4.6 | 0.099 | 1.4 | -1.4, 4.1 | 0.319 |
| Maternal parity | |||||||
| None | 139 (44%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1 child or more | 176 (56%) | 0.3 | -2.2, 2.8 | 0.799 | 0.8 | -2.0, 3.6 | 0.583 |
| Breastfeeding duration | |||||||
| Not breastfed | 25 (8.1%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| <24 weeks | 102 (33%) | 2.3 | -2.6, 7.3 | 0.358 | 1.6 | -3.4, 6.7 | 0.526 |
| 24-47 weeks | 108 (35%) | 3.8 | -1.1, 8.7 | 0.129 | 3.0 | -2.0, 8.1 | 0.235 |
| Still breastfeed at 48 weeks | 72 (23%) | 5.9 | 0.7, 11.0 | 0.026 | 6.3 | 1.1, 11.6 | 0.018 |
| Gestational duration, completed weeks | 315 | -0.2 | -1.0, 0.7 | 0.703 | -0.2 | -1.2, 0.8 | 0.661 |
| Delivery mode | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 263 (83%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| C-section | 52 (17%) | -1.6 | -5.0, 1.7 | 0.343 | -1.8 | -5.3, 1.7 | 0.316 |
| Period of introduction of solid food 0-12 months old | |||||||
| Between 0 and 6 months old | 232 (80%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Between 6 and 12 months old | 45 (16%) | -0.4 | -4.0, 3.2 | 0.845 | 0.3 | -3.3, 4.0 | 0.861 |
| Not introduced at 12 months old | 13 (4.5%) | -6.9 | -13.2, -0.6 | 0.031 | -5.4 | -12.2, 1.4 | 0.120 |
| Presence of pets | |||||||
| No | 203 (73%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| One or more | 77 (28%) | -0.9 | -3.8, 2.1 | 0.566 | -0.8 | -4.0, 2.3 | 0.597 |
| Antibiotics use between 0-12 months old | |||||||
| No | 212 (68%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Yes | 102 (32%) | 0.5 | -2.1, 3.2 | 0.691 | 0.7 | -2.1, 3.5 | 0.637 |
| HOME questionnaire total score | 309 | 0.6 | 0.2, 1.1 | 0.009 | 0.6 | 0.1, 1.1 | 0.017 |
| Maternal anxiety and depression score during the third trimester of pregnancy | 306 | -0.2 | -0.5, 0.1 | 0.187 | -0.1 | -0.5, 0.2 | 0.364 |
| Maternal active smoking during pregnancy | 19 (6.5%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -3.0 | -8.3, 2.2 | 0.257 | -1.8 | -7.2, 3.6 | 0.522 | |
| Child perinatal passive smoking up to one year | 100 (33%) | ||||||
| No | — | — | — | — | |||
| Yes | -1.3 | -4.0, 1.5 | 0.362 | -0.5 | -3.4, 2.4 | 0.731 | |
| Main mode of child care at 12 months (2 categories, optimized 2) | |||||||
| Collective day care | 246 (82%) | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other | 53 (18%) | -3.1 | -6.5, 0.2 | 0.068 | -4.2 | -7.8, -0.7 | 0.020 |
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 315 | 0.1 | -0.1, 0.4 | 0.323 | |||
| Child age at the IQ 3 years evaluation | 0.1 | -0.2, 0.4 | 0.499 | ||||
| No. Obs. | 315 | ||||||
| R² | 0.099 | ||||||
| Adjusted R² | 0.020 | ||||||
| 1 n (%); N | |||||||
| 2 CI = Confidence Interval | |||||||
Sensitivity analyses - rarefaction threshold
CBCL Y2
Interne score Y2
| Characteristic | Child CBCL interne score at 2 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 332 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.536 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 321 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.485 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 321 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.237 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 332 | 0.38 | -0.56, 1.33 | 0.424 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 321 | 0.46 | -0.50, 1.41 | 0.348 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 321 | 0.46 | -0.49, 1.42 | 0.343 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Externe score Y2
| Characteristic | Child CBCL externe score at 2 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 331 | -0.01 | -0.03, 0.02 | 0.629 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 320 | -0.01 | -0.03, 0.02 | 0.611 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 320 | 0.00 | -0.02, 0.02 | 0.908 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 331 | 0.50 | -0.76, 1.75 | 0.436 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 320 | 0.47 | -0.82, 1.75 | 0.475 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 320 | 0.47 | -0.81, 1.75 | 0.470 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
SRS total score 3Y
| Characteristic | Child SRS total score at 3 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 327 | 0.02 | -0.04, 0.07 | 0.570 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 316 | 0.02 | -0.04, 0.07 | 0.512 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 316 | 0.01 | -0.03, 0.06 | 0.549 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 327 | -0.10 | -2.58, 2.38 | 0.938 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 316 | 0.05 | -2.47, 2.57 | 0.968 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 316 | 0.05 | -2.47, 2.57 | 0.970 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
BRIEF-P Y3
Inhibit score Y3
| Characteristic | Child inhibition score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 325 | 0.00 | -0.02, 0.03 | 0.711 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 314 | 0.01 | -0.02, 0.03 | 0.637 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 314 | 0.00 | -0.02, 0.02 | 0.813 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 325 | 0.07 | -0.97, 1.11 | 0.894 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 314 | 0.22 | -0.84, 1.28 | 0.687 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 314 | 0.21 | -0.85, 1.27 | 0.693 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Shift score Y3
| Characteristic | Child shift score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 333 | 0.00 | -0.01, 0.01 | 0.766 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 322 | 0.00 | -0.01, 0.01 | 0.729 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 322 | 0.00 | -0.01, 0.01 | 0.531 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 333 | -0.16 | -0.75, 0.42 | 0.587 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 322 | -0.08 | -0.68, 0.51 | 0.783 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 322 | -0.08 | -0.67, 0.51 | 0.784 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
BRIEF-P emotional control score Y3
| Characteristic | Child emotional control score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 332 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.03 | 0.090 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 321 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.03 | 0.082 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 321 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.02 | 0.109 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 332 | 0.53 | -0.16, 1.22 | 0.130 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 321 | 0.59 | -0.11, 1.28 | 0.097 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 321 | 0.59 | -0.11, 1.28 | 0.097 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
BRIEF-P working memory score Y3
| Characteristic | Child working memory score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 324 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.430 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 315 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.409 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 315 | 0.00 | -0.01, 0.02 | 0.532 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 324 | 0.05 | -0.83, 0.92 | 0.915 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 315 | 0.09 | -0.79, 0.98 | 0.839 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 315 | 0.09 | -0.79, 0.97 | 0.843 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
BRIEF-P plan/organization score Y3
| Characteristic | Child plan/organization score at 3 years (BRIEF-P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 330 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.02 | 0.149 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 319 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.02 | 0.104 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 319 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.02 | 0.135 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 330 | 0.19 | -0.37, 0.74 | 0.508 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 319 | 0.20 | -0.35, 0.76 | 0.469 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 319 | 0.20 | -0.35, 0.76 | 0.470 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
IQ Y3
IQ verbal comprehension score Y3
| Characteristic | Child verbal comprehension score at 3 years (IQ test) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 310 | -0.01 | -0.06, 0.04 | 0.690 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -0.01 | -0.06, 0.04 | 0.663 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.03 | 0.675 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 310 | -1.28 | -3.66, 1.10 | 0.290 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -1.18 | -3.59, 1.23 | 0.336 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -1.19 | -3.59, 1.22 | 0.333 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
IQ visuospacial score Y3
| Characteristic | Child visuospatiale score at 3 years (IQ test) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 310 | 0.00 | -0.05, 0.05 | 0.922 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 301 | 0.00 | -0.05, 0.04 | 0.867 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 301 | 0.00 | -0.04, 0.04 | 0.973 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 310 | 0.35 | -1.99, 2.69 | 0.768 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 301 | 0.24 | -2.09, 2.58 | 0.837 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 301 | 0.25 | -2.08, 2.57 | 0.835 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
IQ work memory score Y3
| Characteristic | Child work memory score at 3 years (IQ test) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 310 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.04 | 0.800 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.04 | 0.827 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 301 | 0.00 | -0.04, 0.04 | 0.902 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 310 | -1.04 | -3.34, 1.25 | 0.372 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -1.08 | -3.36, 1.20 | 0.352 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -1.07 | -3.35, 1.20 | 0.353 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
IQ total score Y3
| Characteristic | Child total IQ score at 3 years | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 310 | 0.00 | -0.05, 0.05 | 0.997 |
| Specific richness (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 301 | 0.00 | -0.05, 0.05 | 0.949 |
| Specific richness (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 301 | 0.00 | -0.04, 0.04 | 0.998 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=350, main analysis) | 310 | -0.64 | -3.00, 1.71 | 0.590 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 5000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -0.67 | -3.02, 1.69 | 0.578 |
| Shannon diversity (threshold 10000 reads, n=339) | 301 | -0.67 | -3.02, 1.68 | 0.576 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||
Sensitivity analysis - effect of HOME variable
CBCL Y2
Interne score Y2
| Characteristic | Child CBCL interne score at 2 years adjusted for HOME variable at 3 years (main analysis) | Child CBCL interne score at 2 years not adjusted for HOME variable at 3 years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 332 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.536 | 332 | 0.01 | -0.01, 0.03 | 0.437 |
| Shannon diversity | 332 | 0.38 | -0.56, 1.33 | 0.424 | 332 | 0.45 | -0.49, 1.39 | 0.348 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 336 | 0.00 | -0.03, 0.02 | 0.842 | 336 | 0.00 | -0.03, 0.02 | 0.952 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 336 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.151 | 336 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.168 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 336 | 0.00 | -0.03, 0.03 | 0.869 | 336 | 0.00 | -0.03, 0.03 | 0.836 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 336 | -0.03 | -0.06, 0.00 | 0.080 | 336 | -0.03 | -0.06, 0.00 | 0.068 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 336 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.134 | 336 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | 0.151 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 336 | -0.02 | -0.05, 0.02 | 0.323 | 336 | -0.02 | -0.05, 0.01 | 0.302 |
| Genus Blautia | 336 | -0.04 | -0.09, 0.01 | 0.131 | 336 | -0.04 | -0.09, 0.02 | 0.177 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 336 | -0.02 | -0.06, 0.01 | 0.210 | 336 | -0.03 | -0.06, 0.01 | 0.172 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||
Externe score Y2
| Characteristic | Child CBCL externe score at 2 years adjusted for HOME variable at 3 years (main analysis) | Child CBCL externe score at 2 years not adjusted for HOME variable at 3 years | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | N | Beta | 95% CI1 | p-value | |
| Specific richness | 331 | -0.01 | -0.03, 0.02 | 0.629 | 331 | 0.00 | -0.03, 0.02 | 0.786 |
| Shannon diversity | 331 | 0.50 | -0.76, 1.75 | 0.436 | 331 | 0.61 | -0.65, 1.86 | 0.341 |
| Phylum Firmicutes | 335 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.06 | 0.156 | 335 | 0.03 | -0.01, 0.06 | 0.114 |
| Phylum Actinobacteria | 335 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.05 | 0.232 | 335 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.05 | 0.266 |
| Phylum Bacteroidetes | 335 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.03 | 0.547 | 335 | -0.01 | -0.05, 0.03 | 0.520 |
| Phylum Proteobacteria | 335 | -0.05 | -0.10, -0.01 | 0.024 | 335 | -0.05 | -0.10, -0.01 | 0.019 |
| Genus Bifidobacterium | 335 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.05 | 0.203 | 335 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.05 | 0.237 |
| Genus Bacteroides | 335 | -0.02 | -0.06, 0.02 | 0.396 | 335 | -0.02 | -0.06, 0.02 | 0.374 |
| Genus Blautia | 335 | 0.03 | -0.04, 0.10 | 0.377 | 335 | 0.04 | -0.03, 0.11 | 0.287 |
| Genera Escherichia and Shigella | 335 | -0.04 | -0.09, 0.01 | 0.158 | 335 | -0.04 | -0.09, 0.01 | 0.119 |
| 1 CI = Confidence Interval | ||||||||
Social awareness score Y3